A Study On Semantics Of Gannan Hakka Localizer And Their Geographical Distribution

In this paper, taking the traditional vocabulary research methods, on the basis of collecting primary and secondary data in the broadest possible, this paper divide several groups of localizers into pure and synthetic localizers for semantic analysis.Localizers of "up" semantic category mainly are "Shang" "Nao" "Gao" "Shangdi" "Shangbei" "Shangxiang" and "Kanshang". According to the grammatical position, "Shang" is divided into "Shang1" and "Shang2"; "Nao" "Gao" as dialect affixes,adhere behind the noun and the localizers, and the meaning is similar to "Shang2" semantic category ness. From the diachronic perspective, the "Nao" in the Yuan dynasty in the northern mandarin is used as the dialect affix, and evolved into the localizers by cognitive metaphor; The meaning of synthetic localizers about "up" the semantic category is less than simple localizers,focusing on higher ground and river upstream.Localizers of "down" semantic category are "Du" " Xiadi" "Xianao" "Jiaoxia" "Duxia",and so on.The number of position semantic category ness and metaphorical meaning of "Xia" is more than ten kinds,collocation of nouns types are many;than like pure localizers "Du" "Jiao" and synthetic localizers such as "Duxia" "Jiaoxia",their meaning is limited and the collocation is also limited.There is something to do with its original meaning.Localizers of "before" semantic category are "Qian" "Xian" "Kou" "Mian" "Tou" "Mianqian" "Qiantou" "Qiangao/Qianxiang" "Xianhang",and so on, such as the "Xian" mainly means time, then developed the meaning of direction and order; "Kou" much attaches to terrain noun such as river, pit; "Mianqian" means in the front, though like "front", but their meanings are slightly different. "Qiangao/Qianhang" is the expression of Ningdu and Shicheng.It means in the front. "Xianxing" is developed from the verb "go ahead".Localizers of "behind" semantic category are including "Hou" "Bei" "Wei" "Houtou" "Houbei" "Beixiang" "Houshibei",and so on. "Bei" as the characteristics of Hakka localizers often adheres after the noun or localizers,such as " Shang" and "Xia" meaning orientation; Attached to the nuon, "Wei" means orientation. This paper argues that "tail" "Nao" and "mouth" have the same evolution motivation, that is, they are bothformed by people's cognitive metaphor.Gannan includes many places, and the different forms of language expression means the same significance. This paper each divide the "Shang" "Xia" "Qian" and "Hou" semantic category ness into pure localizers and synthetic localizers, then a total of eight pictures will display its distribution.The impact of these influence factors of the influence of the economic power and the influence of administrative division,are more important; The second is the influence of geographic traffic condition and residents migration; The influence of cultural psychology and language habits only impact few localizer using; The influence of mandarin promotion is becoming more and more important.