Fair Behavior Of 3-5 Year Old Children Approaching To Resource Under Limited Resource Situation

Fairness is an important part of the development of human moral behavior.There are many problems of fairness in the process of communication between children and their peers.Considering the abtain and use of resources are the most common equity issues of children in life,and children often have limited resources in their lives.It is worth discussing how to use and obtain resources when they face with limited resources.The previous research paradigms on children’s fair behavior were only story interview and game paradigm,and few cases of ecological validity were established.And previous studies only focused on the results of the final fairness,and the characteristics of children’s access to and use of resources were ignored.What’s more,the age of children’s fair behavior was not the same.Based on the above reasons,the first study establishes a limited resource situation with high ecological validity which involving their own benefits to investigate the process characteristics of 3 ~ 5years old preschool children acquiring resources in this situation and the fairness of the final results.Further consider the issues of children in the limited resources situation not only relate to their own benefits,but also relate to the issues of obtaining resources for others as irrelevant stakeholders.Therefore,the second study explores process characteristics of 3 ~ 5 years old preschool children acquiring resources for the others and the fairness of the final results in the limited resources situation.All results of the study are as follows:The first study :(1)In the beginning of resource obtaining,there are significant differences between the normal way and fast grasping way at different ages.And 5 year old children take more normal way than 4 year old childen,while there is no significant differences between 3 year old and 4 year old group and 5year group of children;There are significant differences between boys and girls in the beginning of resource obtaining,and boys tend to adopt the fast grasping way,while the girls get softer,and tend to take the normal way to abtain resources;(2)In the whole process of resource obtaining,from the percentage point of view,3 years old group of children have the weaker voluntary exchanging consciousness,and tend to take the involuntary exchanging way.And 4 ~ 5 years old children are more willing to take the voluntary exchanging way to exchange resources with peers.;There are significant differences between boys and girls on the way of exchanging resources with peers.Boys have the weaker voluntary exchanging consciousness,and tend to take the involuntary way to exchange resources,and girls are more willing to take the voluntary ways everytime;(3)From the results of resource obtainment,there are significant differences in the fairness of the results obtained in different ages,and the 3 years old children are mainly based on their own benefits,and the number of resources obtaining is not fair.And number of the resoures obtaining of 4 ~ 5 years old children is more fair;There is no significant difference between boys and girls in the number of resources obtaining;(4)3~4 years old children whose resources quantity is at a disadvantage will safeguard their rights in compensation opportunities,and narrow the gap with peers whose resources quantity is at a advantage,but the success rate is low;The boys and girls whose resources quantity is at a disadvantage will also safeguard their rights,but the success rate of boys is higher.In the whole protecting process rights,only obtaining the rights can predict individual rights success;(5)In the process of obtaining resources,the fairness of the two people’s initial access to the number of resources and the resource exchange behavior can predict the fairness of the final two people access to resources,that is if the two peers obtain a fair quantity for resources at first,and the whole process is fair,and they will get equal numbers for resources at last.The second study :(1)In the process of obtaining resources for others,there is no significant difference in the rotation of the first resource in different ages,and 3 ~ 5 years old children tend to rotate the first resource;There is no significant difference in the rotation of the first resource between boys and girls,and boys and girls also tend to rotate the first resource.In the third party task paradigm,children aren’t egoistic,and they perform more fairly;(2)From the results of resource obtainment for others,there is no significant difference in the number of resource for others at different ages,and the number is fair;There is no significant difference in the number of resource for others between boys and girls,and the number is also fair;(3)It is true that child’s own benefits will affect the fairness of them,and when not involved in their own benefits,children will be more fair.