The Study On Adaptation Of Rural Left-behind Children To The Parent-child Separation And Its Influential Factors

Parent-child separation is an important characteristic of rural left-behind children.In the process of elastic development of rural left-behind children,how to encourage them to make good preparations for parent-child separation in the aspects of cognition,emotion and behavior is an important issue to be solved.What has happened to the rural left-behind children after parent-child separation? How to detect the situation of adaptation? And What factors affect the result of adaptation? The first study,by using qualitative research method,through a depth and retrospective interview with 21 freshman from rural areas who had been left-behind children,aims to solve these problems.The results indicate three aspects of information: the indexes,the process and influential factors of adaptation.Then the second study aims to develop a questionnaire about adaptation of parent-child separation in left-behind children from rural areas.At the same time,its psychometric indexes were examined.And the third study aims to discuss the characteristics of adaptation and the influence of parent-child communication and social support on the adaptation of parent-child separation in rural left-behind children.The results indicate the following:(1)Adaptation of parent-child separation in rural left-behind children contains psychological adaptation and social adaptation.Rural left-behind children will experience four stages of development in the face of parent-child separation: novelty period,pain period,adaptation period and control period.The process of adaptation of parent-child separation in rural left-behind children has four types: U type,J type,horizontal type and waveform with decreasing amplitude type.The result of adaptation of parent-child separation is influenced by some factors,including social support,parent-child communication,reading,the proportion of left-behind children in class,character,reunion times and separation time.(2)The parent-child separation of rural left-behind children questionnaire has 33 items and it contains psychological adaptation sub-questionnaire and social adaptation sub-questionnaire.The psychological adaptation scale includes 17 items,and threedimensions are included in this sub-scale,that is positive experience,negative experience and habituation.The internal consistency reliability of the sub-scale and three dimensions were respectively 0.87,0.85,0.81 and 0.71.Social adaptation sub-scale contains 16 items,and three dimensions are included in this sub-scale,that is externalizing problems,learning adaptability and positive coping.The internal consistency reliability of the sub-scale and three dimensions were respectively 0.69,0.65,0.53 and 0.55.The test-retest reliability of two total scores and all the dimensions of sub-scales ranged from 0.37 to 0.67.When considered the validity of scales,content validity,structure validity and criterion validity were inspected.The results show that all of the validity’s indicators had reached the basic requirement of psychometrics.This indicates that the questionnaire has good reliability and validity.(3)Significant grade-stage differences were found in both total scores and every dimension of psychological adaptation and social adaptation sub-scales;Significant grade differences were found in the total score of psychological adaptation and the dimensions of negative experience and positive experience;Significant family economic status differences were found in the dimension of learning adaptability.And the effect of parent-child communication on psychological or social adaptation of rural left-behind children was partially mediated by social support.