A New Attempt To Reform The Nationals:A Study Of Government's Reading And Learning In The 1930s

After the Nanjing National Government was founded in 1927,Kuomintang became the new ruler of the Republic of China,at the same time,how to adjust the relationship with the people and strive for public support became an important problem.The transformation of the national problem has become one of the important works of the Nanjing national government.This paper analyze the process of the reading movement which initiated by the Nanjing National Government in the 1930s.Furthermore,the paper's aim is to explore the national government by the reading exercises to shape a new national process,and also try to know the purpose of the Nanjing national government beat swords into plowshares in the context of internal and external problems.In the 1930s,China faced serious national and cultural crisis.It is our duty to save the nation from subjugation and revive the nation.At that time,there is a disagreement in Kuomintang and the Communist Party with how to save our china.On the one hand,the Communist Party believed that revolution is our only choice if we want to eradicate national disaster;on the other hand,the Kuomintang declared that the thing we should do is the construction of cultural affairs rather than revolution.With the support of the Nanjing National Government,China Cultural Construction Association launched two activities:reading competition association and national reading movement,with the operation of these two activities,reading movement became popular in the whole country.The National Government,through the implementation of reading activities,intended to shape the "culture" of the new nationals.However,during the period of the reading movement,the Nanjing National Government adopted the form of reading books in line with its intention of ruling,and hired some famous scholars to attack the political opponents of the speech,etc,intended to shape the people that loyal to the Kuomintang.With the support of the National Government,the reading movement quickly occupied the mainstream of public opinion.But the people from all walks of life have different views on this.Chen Lifu and other party members think that reading movement is the construction of a new era of ideological pilot.There are also opponents of the reading movement because of their different positions.For the general public,due to poverty and other factors,the reading movement is beyond reach.However,through the words of the people at that time,we can see that the reading movement does imply the purpose of eliminating the revolution and transferring the people's anti-Japanese demands.Chinese Cultural Construction Association made a lot of efforts in the shape of culture and loyalty's people.However,due to the lack of financial support for the reading movement,deviate from the theme of the times that is Movement of Resistance against Japan and Save the Nation from Extinction,high-pressure book review policy and the general public reading participation in the weak consciousness and other factors,leading to the reading movement that used to shape the new national idea eventually fall into failure.But there is no doubt that the reading movement in the Nanjing national government culture has a positive side.