Kant’s Totality Problem

Totality questions,as a core question to comprehend the transition from scientific reason to practical rationality of Kant,on the one hand,it exposes the limits of scientific reason,which argued that the world we construct is only things of the world that is being constructed,and the metaphysical world is not an object that science can grasp;on the other hand,Totality questions introduces metaphysics into the moral field and constructs the metaphysics of practical sense.Therefore,Overall questions are the important intermediary which go through Critique of Pure Reason and Critique of Practical Reason,and even are crucial for Kant’s entire critical philosophy theme.To shed light upon this view,this article will conduct analysis on Kant’s Totality questions,and explore the origin,content,and value of the questions,so as to warn the bulge of scientific reason in the time.The first chapter discusses the metaphysical problem of Descartes,ranging from the object of the problem,the research method,to the criticism from the skepticism as the core content,so as to provide the latter parts with the theoretical background and comparative model of analysis on Kant’s general problems,and identify the differences between the Kant’s overall problems and Cartesian metaphysics problems.The former analyzes the “Totality phenomenon”,while the latter analyzes the “body of the world”.The second chapter explores the origin of Kant’s totality problem.After traditional metaphysical received fatal critique from empiricism,its status began to decline.Kant promoted a new comprehension to rationality which helps to establish a scientific metaphysics,that is,a priori understanding.From the traditional epistemology,"cognition accords with object",transformed into,"object accords with cognition".In this sense,he launched an analysis on how scientific knowledge can be possible,including percept materials(sensory knowledge)analysis and cognition form(a priori analysis)analysis,from which he promoted the particularity of "transcendental concepts",that is,the limits of scientific rationality,once objects go beyond the experience,then a general problem would come out.The third chapter explores the concrete manifestations of the totality problem-antithesis,mainly expounds the opposing propositions caused by the duality of the world totality concept,that is,the four relative provisions of the "world totality" from empiricists and rationalists: antithesis of quantity,antithesis of quality,antithesis of relationship,and modal antithesis.Furthermore,it shows the inability of human perception to cognize "the world as a whole",and finally proposes Kant’s solution to the antitheses.The fourth chapter explores the value of totality problems,and turns negative embodiment of metaphysical object in scientific rationality,into the field of practical rationality.By which the free will,the existence of God,the immortality of the soul obtain real meanings in the practical rationality,and achieve the pursuit of Kantian metaphysics.Today we re-stand in a time in which Kant used to stand,that is,an era of holding firmly scientific rationality.The excellent performance of artificial intelligence has freed most of the labor force,and explorations of science to the world are becoming consummate.People begin to excessively rely on science,and they gradually form a vision that all problems can be solved by science.This paper reintroduces the discussion of Kant’s analysis to overall problems,so as to warn the world about the limits of scientific rationality,and the particularity of human being as a highly-advanced creature.