The Semantic Features Of “N+Shang/Xia” For Teaching Chinese As A Foreign Language

International students with different cultural backgrounds in demand for expression of space position are universally.As a result,the international students learning Chinese basic directional words do not have the difficulty.However,Chinese directional words has complicated metaphorical senses.International students should focus on the study of Chinese directional words.For example,Learners with the mother tongue of Chinese are easily to learn “ on/under the meeting” in certain language environment.But it is difficult for international students.The research object is based on the “N + Shang/Xia”.The paper shows the “N + Shang/Xia” different position relation by combining with the spatial orientation graph,we extend specific visual space graph to the abstract domain,then explain the semantics and cognitive.The structure of the article is arranged in this way:The first chapter is the introduction.which mainly explains the research reasons,significance,the research status of "Shang/Xia" and the research methods and sources of corpus.The second chapter mainly describes the syntax of "N+ Shang/Xia".Classify the nouns which can be put before "Shang/Xia".The second is the semantic description and analysis of "N+ Shang/Xia",which mainly discusses the spatial orientation and spatial interpretation.The third chapter is followed by the "N+ Shang/Xia" bias analysis,which is divided into two parts.The first part is the error type analysis.Retrieve "Shang/Xia" false examples and select false "N+ Shang/Xia" position phrase.Then classify the errors.It is mainly divided into omission,misadd,misuse,missequence.Through the analysis we find that the error rate is higher of "Shang/Xia" with mistake and misuse.In addition,when foreign students use the "N+ Shang/Xia" positional phrase and the prepositional phrases,they make error either by the improper selection of the preposition or by the mistake of the preposition structure.Foreign students have very few corpus in the use of metaphor.It is single and repeated for the use of metaphor.The second part is to find out the cause of the errors mainly from the negative transfer of mother tongue,the generalization of the target language rules,cultural differences,cognitive differences and so on.The fourth chapter is the teaching suggestions about "N+Shang/Xia".Suggestions are made from three aspects: Suggestions for teaching,Suggestions for foreign students’ acquisition and suggestions for the design of teachers’ textbooks.The teaching suggestions include comparative analysis and prediction of difficult points;Metaphor cognitive teaching method;Cultural teaching.The advice for international students is to train Chinese thinking and use less translation method.Not to avoid,intensive training;Good at using reference books etc.Finally,we make the conclusion of the research ideas,research contents and research results of this paper.In this paper,there are some insufficient research and incomplete research.There is still space for discussion.The author puts forward the teaching suggestions that are based on the conclusion of this study,and hopes to have referential significance to the teaching of Chinese classroom.We hope that these suggestions can be provided for the teaching of Chinese to the speakers of other languages.