The Nation Construction And The Ethnic Minorities Issues Research In Myanmar's Political Transformation

In the late 1940 s,General Aung San and leaders of Chin,Kachin and the British government signed the "Panglong Agreement” to secure the independence of Myanmar.In order to achieve solidarity with major ethnic minorities,the Panglong Agreement promised that ethnic minorities will enjoy full autonomy after their independence.The signing of the agreement provided the basis for the establishment of a unified country.However,the politic after independence did not develop as the Panglong Agreement had promised and political demands of ethnic minorities were not met.Ethnic minorities in Myanmar established armed forces to confront the Central Government.The Central Government has been seeking appropriate national policies with a view to build an "one nation,one language" country so that domestic peace and national reconciliation can be achieved with consensus.U Nu and Ne Win period blindly emphasized the homogeneity of religion and culture.Finally they were strongly opposed by ethnic minorities and non-Buddhists.After 1988,the new government adopted more flexible means to develop the economy in ethnic minority areas,some progress has been made,however,they still failed to achieve national reconciliation because of its tyranny.The domestic social instability forced the junta to face the theme of political transformation with a view to reaching the goal of national reconciliation on this basis.As a result,Myanmar has embarked on democratic reforms in line with the democratic road map since 21 st century and started a multi-party general election in 2010.In 2015,the second multi-party general election in Myanmar ended.The original opposition National League for Democracy(NLD)won the general election and the democratization of Myanmar was theoretically realized.Since then,the government of the Democratic League,represented by Daw Aung San Suu Kyi,has actively promoted the convening of the " the 21 st Century Panglong Conference" in the hope of finding a solution to realize national reconciliation under the framework of democracy.Have Myanmar's ethnic issues really improved after democratization? Can the Democratic Alliance truely solve the ethnic issue in Myanmar through negotiation? Can the Panglong Conference in the new era bring domestic peace to Myanmar and stay it away from the propensity of ethnic separatism? Why is the current problem of Rakhine Muslim minority so complicated? Will ethnic minorities deepen their identification with the country because of democratization? Will ethnic minorities endeavor to cooperate with the Central Government on building a unified Myanmar nation-state? This article will analyze the ethnic issues Myanmar faces in the political transition period on the basis of studying the changes of ethnic policies in Myanmar and the development of ethnic minorities in Myanmar.