Study On The Changes Of Livelihoods Of Monglian Nomads In Pingshan Lake Area

In different periods,national policies on pastoral areas have played a prominent role in the changes of nomadism,which exerted impacts on the herdsmen who live in the H Village of the Ping Shanhu Mongolian nationality townships located in the Hexi Corridor.Eight decades ago,these herdsmen arrived at the Ping Shanhu Meadow between the1930 s and the 1940 s.What happened to the nomadism of the herdsmen who have witnessed the transformations from “the nomadism” to “the resident grazing” and then from “the resident grazing” to “the banning grazing”? And Why is it repeatedly frustrated in the transition of livelihood?This paper presents the following parts.The Introduction: the reasons for and the significance of the topic,the summary of the research results in the academia,and the research methods;Chapter One: the field's basic situations grounded in the gradual description of natural and cultural landscapes of the H Village of the Ping Shanhu Mongolian nationality townships located in the Hexi Corridorr;Chapter Two: the herdsmen's nomadic lives at the Ping Shanhu Meadow before1949.The herdsmen depended on livestock to migrate and to adapt themselves to the changing environment,achieving interdependence among human,livestock,and meadows under the nomadic community's mechanisms of safeguard and limitation.Chapter Three: this part explains the changes on herdsmen's nomadism after 1949 with the drivers of state and market.The herdsmen's nomadic lives have been changed from “the nomadism” to “the resident grazing” and then from “the resident grazing” to “the banning grazing”.At the same time,their production targets have been changed from “self-sufficiency” to “supporting the nation” and then from “supporting the nation” to “making profits”.During this process,the herdsmen in the H Village have changed nomadic activities according to different policies in different times in order to make a living.Chapter Four: as the conclusion,this chapter reflects the in-depth reasons behind the nomadic transformation in the H Village.Admittedly,“scientific knowledge” and “development” played the dominant roles in the transformation,which brought the herdsmen the short economic boom and the vicious circle of loans arising from inconformity with the social and local reality.Reflecting gains and loss is not to simply “return to the traditional nomadism ” but to help herdsmen to achieve better transformation of lives.