The Temporal Expression System Of Linyi Dialect And Its Comparative Study With Guanzhong Dialect

This article describes the aspect and tense of Niudu dialect, Linyi County comprehensively. To campare it with the expression system of guanzhong dialect, we expect to draw a conclusion of the relationship and difference between the two areas. This artle consists of five chapters. Introduction states the significance, object and methods on the research, as well as geography, history, dialect belongingness and pronunciation system of Niudu dialect. Chapter Two describes aspect of Niudu dialect. This article divides the sign of aspect in Niudu dialect by their expressive function and usage. Then discribes its aspect and tense in a synchronic level, it pay more attention to the development of some signs in order to establish the aspect and tense system of Niudu dialect. We have noticed that the aspect system in Niudu dialect is complete relatively which contains "realization aspect, proceeding aspect, continuing aspect, undergoing aspect, starting aspect" and "reducing state, repeating state, attempting state, random state". This article treats Chinese Mandarin as the reference system to analyze the similarities and differences between Niudu dialect and Chinese Mandarin. This paper argues that there is no actual completing aspect in Niudu dialect, we use "Shang"and "Xia" to express the same meaning. There is no actual continuing aspect in Niudu dialect, we use "Xiaqu" to espress the same meaning. Different grammer forms matches different aspect and tense, there exists a phenomenon in Niudu dialect that the same sign of aspect or tense belongs to different grammatical category on account of the difference of grammaticlization level or pronunciation. The realization aspect "Lao"and modal particle "La" are co-occurrence; the proceeding aspect "Zai" and particle "Zhe ai" or "Li" are co-occurrence; we use"Xia"to express the meaning of completement as well as proceeding. In different of Chinese Madarin, Niudu dialect use"Zhe"to express the meaning of continuing and"Zai"to proceeding. In consideration of matching relationshiop with parts of speech, realization aspect could match with the most, then proceeding aspect and continuing aspect, and then undergoing aspect and starting aspect. Judging from the co-occurrent situation, modal particle "Ai" which contains the meaning of proceeding and "Zhe" which both expresses proceeding and continuing meaning are co-occurrence. Modal particle "La" and realization aspect "Lao" and undergonging aspect "Guo" and starting aspect "Qi" are co-occurrence. Chapter Three describes the tense of Niudu dialect. We use "Qu" to express past tense, "Ai" to present tense, "Ya" and "La"and "Zhe" to future tense. Chapter Fore is on the comparison of expressive measures between Linyi dialect and guanzhong dialect. We choose the parts which are associated with Linyi dialect in expressive method of aspect and tense system for the conclusion between them. We focus on the issue of co-occurrence between aspect and tense and mordal particle. Chapter Five makes a conclusion of the whole article.