Study On The Construction Of "shen Me X Bu X(de)"

"shen me X bu X(de)" is a commonly used format in spoken chinese language.This paper,based on the results of the previous studies,researches the construction of"shen me X bu X(de)" by using the theory of construction grammar and cognitive theory from aspects of constructional meaning,syntactic function,pragmatics and cognition.According to the theory of construction,"shen me X bu X(de)" is a marked and schematic construction,the constructional meaning is the speaker makes a subjective negation for the potential presupposition.According to the difference of the central meaning,it can be divided into two categories:"negation of true value" and"negation of suitability"."negation of truth value" indicates that the speaker thinks that it is not true according to their own subjective standard,then negates the condition of the truth."negation of suitability" negates the condition of the suitability including the expression of proposition way,object and time.The formation of "shen me X bu X(de)" which reduces investment and achieves pragmatic effects through the simplicity of structure,such as lexical substitution,ellipsis and other ways,follows the principles of economy and subjectivity.In this construction,"X" with the features of highlighting and contrast is the focus and is what the person purposes to emphasize,which is from the above information and has no new information."X" belongs to the contrastive focus."shen me X bu X(de)”has three pragmatic functions:statements,commands and expressions.These three pragmatic functions have mutual connection and mutual influence.The subjective statements has the feature of instruction or expressions,and the instruction function was also accompanied by expressions function.These three functions are closely related.The formation of "shen me X bu X(de)"can not do without cognitive mechanism.In the discourse turn,the speaker will activate a potential default based on their own communication experience,cognitive rules and context,the people who answers will judge the speaker’s activation is not correct or not suitable according to their own cognitive protocol which is from idealized cognitive model and the cognitive reference point.The formation of the construction is related to the establishment of image schema in cognitive domain.Because of the difference of human cognition,the different defaults have a confrontation,showing a confrontational image schema.The trajector and landmark conflict,they have the opposite and non-conforming relationship."negation of truth-value" indicates the speaker tries to removed the traject from the landmark,and "negation of suitability"indicates the speaker wants to weakened and even neglected the trajector from the landmark.No matter which type,they both try to eliminate the presence of "X".According to the principle that "existence" is positive,"inexistence" is negative,this construction reflects the negative polarity.