Molecular Phylogeny Of Goodyera(Orchidaceae)in China

Goodyera(Orchidaceae),a genus centered in East Asia especially in China.The taxonomic study of Goodyera in China is important to the research of Goodyera and Orchidaceae in the world.There are about 40?100 species of Goodyera in the world,31 species were recorded in China and 12 endemics.The infragenetic relationships of Goodyera are still not clear:This research conducted phylogeny analysis of Goodyera in China by ITS,trnL-F and matK locis.186 samples of 81 species were set as ingroups,Chloraea gaudichaudii and Pterostylis longifolia were assigned as outgroups.Maximum-likelihood(ML),Maximum parsimony(MP)and Bayesin Inference(BI)methods were used respectively to reveal phylogenetic relationships The major conclusions are as follows:1.Goodyera may not be monophyletic.Erythrodes,Hylophila,Kreodanthus,Platythelys and Lepidogyne were closely related to section Otosepalum2.Goodyera can be divided into four sections and four subsections.Section Procerum H.Z.Tian&C.Hu and subsection Schlechtera H.Z.Tian&C.Hu were newly established1)By living beside the streams,dense flowers and spiciferous inflorescence Goodyera procera differs from other species of section Otosepalum.Goodyera procera formed a clade in all phylogetic trees,so it were treated as a new section Procerum H.Z.Tian&C.Hu.2)Goodyera repens and some other species of subsection Goodyera which were not papillose in the sac,formed a clade with subsection Recurvum.So subsect.Recurvum was merged into subsect.Goodyera.Five other species of the former subsection Goodyera such as G.schlechtendaliana formed an independent clade.Therefore,they were treated as a new subsection Schlechtera H.Z.Tian&C.Hu3)Section Biflora should be merged into subsection Reticulum.4)Goodyera vittata should be moved into section Reticulum,subsection Reticulum.3.Thirty-three species of Goodyera in China were confirmed.1)Goodyera marginata was formerly treated as a variety of G.repens or as a synonym of G.repens,but both molecular and morphological data supported G.marginata should be a distinct species.2)Goodyera nankoensis and G.marginata gathered in different branches and the green leaves with white midrib of G.nankoensis is remarkable.So G.nannkoensis were treated as a distinct species.3)According to the results of this research,Goodyera pendula and G.prainii are distinct species.As the features we got from specimens,G.recurva is different from both G.pendula and G.prainii and it may also be a distinct species.