Analysis Of Sediment Particle Characteristics In The Main Stream Of The Songhua River

The importance of water resources for human survival and social development is self-evident.With the continuous progress of society,the burden on the river of water resources,the most important natural carrier,has gradually increased.How to maintain the balance between social progress and river stability has become Under the current research topic,rivers often carry a lot of sediment,and sediment is an important factor in river self-regulation.Therefore,this paper takes the mainstream of the Songhua River as the research object,and applies the fractal theory to river sediment studies on the mainstream of the Songhua River.The spatial and temporal distribution of sediment particle distribution,surface characteristics,physical properties and other issues are systematically studied to provide reliable basic data for the subsequent exploration of the sediment movement,physicochemical properties,and riverbed evolution of the Songhua River.The main research contents of the paper are as follows:(1)Using the Masterizer 2000 laser particle size analyzer to collect sediment data of the mainstream of the Songhua River,draw a bar graph of sediment particles,and analyze the temporal and spatial variation of sediment composition in the main stream of the Songhua River.(2)Fractal theory was used to solve the fractal dimension of sediment distribution in Harbin,Ganyuan,Jiamusi,Chenming,Jiangqiao,Guchengzi,Nanxun and Tieli hydrographic surveys,and the particle size and distribution of sediment particles in the mainstream of the Songhua River were investigated.The linear relationship of fractal dimension and the law of change.The sediment gradation curves for different sections of the wet and flat water periods were plotted to calculate the grading indicators and the sediment gradation of the mainstream of the Songhua River was evaluated.(3)Calculate the characteristic parameters(mean geometry,sorting,skewness,and kurtosis)of the main stream of the Songhua River by statistical analysis of sediments,and carefully describe the sediment distribution characteristics of different geographical locations of the river.The features of the main stream of the Songhua River are classified by calculating the results of the characteristic parameters;the relationship between the characteristic parameters and the fractal dimension is analyzed.(4)According to the sediment particle data,draw a statistical table of surface characteristics of river sediment particles;carry out adsorption phosphorus experiments for sediment samples of Nanxun,Tieli,Harbin,Jiamusi to explore sediment adsorption capacity,using Langmuir adsorption isotherm,Freundlich adsorption isotherm The plotting function of origin and origin function is used to fit the experimental results,and the differences between the results are analyzed.The fractal dimension of the surface of the sediment sample is represented by the fractal model of the sediment surface.The formula is calculated using Zhang Ruijin's formula and Gangchalov's formula.Under the ideal condition of still water,sediment velocity of sediment particles in the main stream of the Songhua River reaches a corresponding law.The results show:(1)The sediment particles of the mainstream of the Songhua River are presented with a continuous particle size distribution and have good self-similarity.The main composition of the main stream sediments is dominated by powder particles.The coarse particles in the upstream section account for a relatively large proportion,while the downstream fine particles account for a relatively large proportion.In the wet period,the sediment particles tend to be refined compared to the flat water period.(2)The fractal dimension of sediment distribution is negatively related to the particle size of sediment.The more coarse particles content,the smaller the fractal dimension of sediment distribution.The fractal dimension D in the upper reaches of the mainstream of the Songhua River is significantly smaller than that in the downstream,and the fractal dimension D in the wet period is higher than that in the normal water period.By plotting sediment particle size distribution curve and gradation index,the grain gradation of Harbin,Cangyuan and Jiamusi in the main stream of the Songhua River was good,and the grain size distribution of sediment in Chenming,Jiangqiao,Guchengzi,Nanxun and Tieli was poor.Grading.The coefficient of non-uniformity in wet season is increased compared to the level of flat water,while there is no obvious change in the coefficient of curvature of gradation curve.(3)Calculating the sediment statistical parameters of the mainstream of the Songhua River shows that the overall silt separation of the mainstream of the Songhua River is poor,the distribution of sediment particles is relatively dispersed,the sediment particle size difference between upstream and downstream is large,and the kurtosis change tends to be stable.The single kurtosis is dominant,and the distribution fractal dimension D has a linear relationship with the statistical parameters,but the correlation does not reach a significant level.(4)The Langmuir adsorption isotherm and Freundlich adsorption isotherm are all suitable for the adsorption of phosphorus in sediments of the mainstream of the Songhua River.The sediment adsorption regularity is obtained and the sediment particle surface fractal is calculated based on the experimental results.The results show that the sediment particles of the main stream of the Songhua River have a good isothermal adsorption effect on phosphorus,and the adsorption capacity in the downstream segment is more significant.The experimental results show that the adsorption capacity of coarse particles is not greater than the “abnormal” phenomenon of fine particles.The surface fractal dimension is positively correlated with the adsorption capacity.According to the calculation of the sediment velocity of the Songhua River in the ideal state under the ideal condition,the Kongkalov formula and the Zhang Ruiqi formula show that the finer the sediment particles in the flow section,the slower the settlement velocity of the sediment and the sediment velocity in the mainstream of the Songhua River.The overall performance is that the upstream is fast,the downstream is slow,the water level is fast,and the wet season is slow.In summary,the lower reaches of the Songhua River are more finely grained,more absorbent,and have a slower settling velocity than the sediment particles in the upper stream.The adsorption capacity of the sediment particles by the unit sediment particles is larger,and the sediment transports and settles with the water flow.During the process,it plays a key role in reducing the content of heavy metals,compounds,and other pollutants in the river course,and plays a positive role in maintaining water quality and preventing further deterioration of the water body.