| Crime is the product of human society development to a certain stage,and it is a social phenomenon that exists objectively for a long time.The urban space environment is the space carrier of human activities,and the spatial differentiation and evolution of the geographical and social factors that are carried by it also affect human behavior.As a special human activity,criminal behavior is affected and restricted by the urban space environment itself and its bearing elements.With the rapid development of China's urbanization,the situation of urban security is increasingly serious,and the life and property of the people are seriously threatened.Faced with the severe social security situation,the public security departments need the guidance of relevant theories and empirical research results of criminal activities,and formulate corresponding coping strategies in combination with the police practice.Therefore,it is of great significance to use GIS technology to carry out the research on the spatial and temporal characteristics of crime.Taking the core area of Guangzhou as the research area,the data of "Robbery,grabbing and theft" crime cases heard by the courts at the core district of Guangzhou in 2013-2015 were collected and the criminal database was constructed.From case occurrence environment(indoor and outdoor),repeatability of cases(serial cases,nonseries cases),spatial location and time(year,month,day),and other dimensions of comprehensive analysis of city "Robbery,grabbing and theft" crime on space-time distribution characteristics,and explore the Physical space environment factors and the crime of the relationship between time and space distribution,the empirical research results of domestic criminal geography.Here's the main conclusion:(1)The criminal cases of "Robbery,grabbing and theft" in the core area of Guangzhou have obvious time differentiation characteristics.From the scale of "quarter" and "month",the whole year shows the characteristic of "high before and after high and overall rise".From the "hour" scale,afternoon and early morning hours are the high time of the case.The time differentiation of different types of cases is basically consistent with the time differentiation of all cases,but only in the range.(2)The crime cases of "Robbery,grabbing and theft" in the core area of Guangzhou have obvious spatial differentiation characteristics.The distribution of cases presents obvious spatial clustering features and extends along the northeast-southwest.In the streets as regional statistics unit,whether in case number and case for statistical density index,crimes are showing a clear "polycentric distribution and centralization,small scattered" mode of space,namely a few streets focused most of the cases happened.Cluster mode is dominated by HH high value clustering,which is concentrated in the northeast of Liwan District and the west of Yuexiu District.The spatial differentiation of different types of cases is basically consistent,but they have their own characteristics in different range and distribution range.(3)The crime cases of " Robbery,grabbing and theft " in the core area of Guangzhou have obvious spatio-temporal characteristics.The identified crime stable space and time hotspot area is 1.18 square kilometers,the total area of the core area is 386.5 square kilometers,and the area of the crime stable space and time hotspot area occupies 0.3% of the total area of the core area.The total number of cases in the core area was 5098,while the number of cases in the area of the crime stable time and space hotspot was 1960,accounting for 38% of the total number of cases.That is to say,in the area with a total area of 0.3% of the core area,there are 38% of the cases in the total number of cases,and the cases are highly concentrated.The spatial pattern of the stable spatio-temporal hotspot region is "more northern and less southern",and different stable space and time hotspots have different sizes and sizes,and the shape is mostly in clusters,bands or irregular shapes.(4)According to the physical space environment characteristics of the crime stable time and space hot spots,it can be divided into traffic hub type,urban village type and commercial zone type.The traffic hub type hot spot area,the crime case mostly takes place inside the transportation hub facility or its surrounding area;The urban village type hot spot,the case mostly happens in the town of the village rental house,the street shops,the road streets and the neighboring village industry and trade area;In the hot zone of commercial zone,crime cases occur mainly in the main street,street shops,large shopping malls and supporting transportation hubs in the commercial zone.(5)Physical space environment elements and Guangzhou "Robbery,grabbing and theft" crime cases closely related to spatial differentiation,functional diversity class facilities impact factor and function facilities impact factor of "Robbery,grabbing and theft" of position has stronger explanatory power,and influence each other between different influence factors,enhanced coordination,has the higher explanatory power than a single factor.Combination degree,catering services,community life,the case of different types,different districts of the main influence factor,the show case distribution is relatively concentrated area has complex space environment,food and beverage service and the common characteristics of community living facilities is relatively concentrated.In addition,different types of cases and the relationship between the Physical space environment elements are different,the interior of location and facilities combination degree and some of the closely tied to a specific function facilities,outdoor case with combined degrees and some specific functions and public transport conditions are closely linked;Series of position and facilities combination degree and some of the closely tied to a specific function facilities,rather than non-series cases with combined degrees and some specific functions and public transport conditions are closely related. |
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