Evaluation And Analysis Of Water Resources Vulnerability In Guiyang Based On The Perspective Of Water Ecological Footprint

Water resources are not only the resources of all living things on the earth depended,but also the strategic natural resources relate to the people's livelihood.However,with the continuous climate changing,the ever-growing population and human economic activities,the consumption of water resources have been continuously increased,and the corresponding water pollution and ecological and environmental damage have been brought.Therefore,researches on water resources has great scientific value and practical significance.Guiyang city,with abundant rainfall,is located in the subtropical monsoon climate zone.However,under the influence of the special geological conditions of karst processing,the surface of the dual structure is prominent and the surface water is infiltrated seriously,which could bring about the problem of surface water shortage and groundwater pollution.The soil erosion caused by rocky desertification and the fragile ecological environment are relatively hampering economic development.In addition,due to the promotion of the rapid urbanization these years in Guiyang City,it leads to more problems like the increase of urban population,the rapid development of economy,the consumption of surface water,the pollution of water resources and the sharp conflicts of water supply and demand,which further exacerbated the vulnerability of water resources in Guiyang.The vulnerability of water resources will become one of the important factors that restrict the development of ecological environment and social economy in Guiyang City.This paper takes Guiyang city as an example,though analyzing of the principle of vulnerability and the theory of water ecological footprint,the evaluation index system of water resources vulnerability in Guiyang is constructed.According to entropy weight method and SPA(set pair analysis),the characteristics of the vulnerability of water resources in Guiyang are analyzed from the perspective of time and space,and the corresponding suggestions are put forward.The main conclusions are as follows:1.In the time series evaluation of water resources vulnerability,according to the carrying capacity of water resources and the load force of water resources,the evaluating indexes are subdivided into water vulnerability,ecological vulnerability,social economic vulnerability and engineering vulnerability caused by human factors and natural factors.The weight of each factor is calculated by entropy weight method,and then the index of water resources vulnerability is calculated by SPA(set pair analysis).In general,the water resources vulnerability in Guizhou province from 2002 to 2016 showed a general trend of fluctuate declining,and the water resources system in different years showed the vulnerability with varying degrees.The degree of water resources of vulnerability showed slight in 2002 and 2003,and extremely fragile of water resources appears in the 2005,2006,2010 and 2011.From 2012 to 2016,the water resources in Guiyang appears moderate vulnerability.2.In the spacial evaluation of water resources vulnerability,according to the change of water resources carrying capacity caused by nature factors and the change of water resources load carrying capacity caused by human factors to establish the evaluating indicators;Secondly the index weight of each factors can calculated by Entropy weight method;At last,Using SPA(set pair analysis)to analyze the grade of water resource vulnerability of a city,three counties and six districts in Guiyang,the conclusion can be showed as follow: All grade areas contain the inferior V-genre water quality with varying degree,indicating that the overall water environment quality of the whole city is generally weak and the water resources system in Guiyang is relatively weak.The mild vulnerable areas include the District of Guan shan Lake,Xiuwen County and Kaiyang County.The distribution range of moderate fragile areas involves Huaxi,Wudang,Qingzhen and Xifeng.In addition,the water environment in Wudang,Qingzhen and Xifeng counties appear the comprehensive pollution from citizen's and industry and agriculture.Except for the water quality in upstream of Wudang area was affected by the water environment,the quality of water in other areas are good.Because Nanming,Yunyan and Baiyun districts are densely populated,well-developed industrial and agricultural areas,with large discharge of water pollutants.The water resources in these areas appear serious vulnerability.According to the characteristic of spatial vulnerability of water resources in Guiyang,the optimization of population-economy-spatial pattern is also proposed.3.Combining with the characteristics of water resources vulnerability and the main factors affecting water resources vulnerability in Guiyang City,then through the comprehensive analysis of water resources vulnerability,the countermeasures and recommendations for water resources management in Guiyang City are presented as follows: For one thing,Guiyang City needs to improve the efficiency of water use,increase citizen's water-saving awareness,promote saving water on industrial and agricultural use,and advocate urban residents to save water;For another,measures should be perfected on water conservancy engineering,the ability to guarantee the protection of water resources should be improved as well,then through scientific and technological forces to realize the reuse of sewage treatment and reduce the emission of hazardous substances in sewage;In addition,carry out the work of supervision and early warn for water resources and water environment systems,and enhance the ability to control water resources;At last,engineering measures should be taken to improve the ecological environment in the karst regions and control soil erosion and rock desertification treatment,which may solve the water resources vulnerability problems in the karst regions from the beginning and ensure the strength of support contributed by water resources on social economic and development of the whole city.