Research On Printing Technologies Of Publications In The Early Days Of The Founding Of P.R.China

The early days of the founding of P.R.China(1949-1965)was an important period in Chinese history,printing volume of publications increased sharply.With the rapid advancement of printing technology,printing materials and equipment,forms of publications were varied and colorful.From the perspective of printing technologies distinguished the publications in the early days of the founding of P.R.China,still an area that few former people have been involved in.This paper first divides the publications in the early days of the founding of the P.R.China from the printing technology,and then combs the development of publications printing,use modern equipment such as microscopy provides an effective basis for the identification the four types of publications: lithography,letterpress,intaglio and porous.The study found that the microscopic characteristics of publications with different printing methods were different in the early days of P.R.China.Through microscopic analysis,it can provide an effective method for the identification of different printing technologies.The lithography techniques in publications in the early days of the founding of P.R.China included lithograph,collotype and offset.The lithograph printed publications have clear edges,thin ink layers and incomplete transfer.The collotype printed publications has clear outlines and no dots.Offset printed publications have thinner ink layers,uniform distribution,blurred edges.The letterpress printing techniques in the early days of the founding of P.R.China included woodblock printing and metal letterpress printing.Woodblock printing technology is divide into wood engraving and wood engraving watermarking,in which wood engraving is used to print the text or lines in publications,text is thin in the middle of the ink layer and thick around;Wood engraving watermarking is used to print the color image in publications,the image for on-site printing,and has no dots,edge layer is relatively thick.Metal letterpress is divide into lead and copper-zinc plate,lead is used to print the texts and lines of the publications,the edge of the text is sharp;copper-zinc plate has low number of screening line,color copper plate screening line is high,the center of dot ink layer is thin,edge ink is thick,line map without dots.In the early days of the founding of P.R.China,the intaglio printing technique was conventional photogravure plate.The edges of the image were jagged,and the thin lines were beaded.The four-color printing screen angle was the same at 45°.The intaglio printed publication has thick ink and strong hiding power.The porous printing technology of the publications in the early days of the founding of P.R.China was stencil printing,which was further divided into typewriter and handwriting.The ink contained engine oil and kerosene,and the outline of the text on the substrate was yellowed,which was caused by impurities in the oil.The typeface of the publication is printed,and the text is prone to skewing up and down,the text is different in shades.A regular dot or strip print appears on the thin line of the stylus.This paper sorts out the development history of printing technology in the early days of the founding of P.R.China.Through the analysis of the characteristics of the printing technology,the publications are classified by printing manner,which provides reference and support for the research on the value of publications,also provides theoretical support for cataloging work.