Investigation Of Wild Medicinal Plant Resources And Analysis Of Ecological Characteristics In Pingshun County,Shanxi Province

This article relied on Chinese herbal medicine base supported by the whole country,Pingshun County.Taking wild medicinal plants as research objects,based on field surveys,it analyzed the flora features,medicinal characteristics,species diversity characteristics,niche characteristics and inter-species relationships of medicinal plants in order to provide a theoretical reference for the development and utilization of wild medicinal plants in Pingshun County and even in the south section of Taihang Mountain.The main results were as follows:(1)There were 136 kinds of wild medicinal plants,belonging to 49 families and 115 genera,including 2 species and 1 genus of 1 family of ferns,3 species of 2 genera and 2families of gymnosperms,122 species of 103 genera and 41 families of dicotyledons,9species of 9 genera and 5 families of monocotyledons.In the county area,families including 1genus and genera including 1 specie had an advantage in number and proportion.The species of medicinal plants were abundant.The geographical distribution and composition were complex.There were 5 areal types and 5 subtypes and 13 areal types and 6 subtypes in families and genera respectively.In the areal-types of medicinal plants families,it is mainly distributed in the world,and had both tropical and temperate components.In the areal-types of genus,temperate components accounted for 61.74%of total genera.Among them,the north temperate was the most type,the tropical distribution and the world distribution also occupied a certain proportion,which were 16.52%and 13.04%respectively.In addition,the medicinal plants had some ancient components,but there were less endemic elements in the area.(2)According to the statistics of medicinal plants in pingshun,officinal parts were divided into 9 categories.The number of the total plants(grass),roots and rhizomes used as medicines were the largest,which accounted for the largest proportion.The number of medicinal plants with more than one medicinal part accounted for 61.03%in all medicinal plants.This showed that the potential for the development and utilization of medicinal plant resources.We should pay attention to the reproduction of resources,especially the medicinal plants of the whole grass and root in the process of development and utilization.If the medicinal effects of plant resources are similar,priority should be given to the selection of medicinal plant resources with large population,rapid regeneration and strong regeneration capacity.(3)The index of species richness,Shannon-Wiener diversity,Simpson diversity,Pielou evenness,Shannon evenness and Simpson evenness of wild medicinal plants in pingshun showed the highest tendency of herb layer,the shrub layer,and the lowest tendency of arbor layer.Fitting with a regression model,the trend can be seen that diversity index increased first and then decreased with the elevation.In the fitting,the Shannon-Wiener diversity index and species richness did not reach the significant level,while the p-values of the Simpson index and the Pielou evenness index reached a significant level.However,the interpretation of the two indexes was only 33.8%and 36.7%,so the fitting effect of the regression model was not good.This indicated that the altitude factor was not the only key factor affecting the species diversity of wild medicinal plants in Pingshun county.(4)Using the Shannon-Wiener index and Levins index to calculate the niche width of medicinal plants,the results showed that the niche width of Bupleurum chinensis,Polygala tenuifolia,Scorzonera austriaca,Artemisia sacrorum and Dendranthema chanetii were higher.The niche width of the protected species were relatively small,especially codonopsis pilosula.The species with large niche breadth had a strong adaptability to the environment.We can appropriately increase their degree of development and utilization.Species with smaller niche width had higher requirements on environmental conditions,they need to be strengthened or taken seriously.The niche overlap between the 19 common species was relatively small,which mainly focused on 0-0.3,indicating that the medicinal plants were highly independent and the competition was not strong.According to the analysis of niche overlap,the habitat preferences of the species can be inferred,so that the corresponding habitat can be selected for the purpose of excavation or protection.(5)To explore the relationship between species of medicinal plant species,we can understand the habitat preference and resource distribution of wild medicinal plants in Pingshun county.The ratios of positive and negative associations of the 210 species in ?~2-tests and Pearson correlation coefficients and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient were all less than 1;therefore they were negatively correlated overall.Significant associations were all less than the insignificant associations,which indicated that medicinal plants had low similarity between species,unstable habitats,and were vulnerable to external disturbances and fluctuations.Although the medicinal plant species had certain correlations,but there were still separate distribution patterns.The distribution of the main species of medicinal plants in Pingshun County were relatively dispersed.