Design And Analysis Of Quantum Voting Protocol Based On Multipartite Entanglement State

With the development of Internet technology,voting has been changed from paper voting to electronic voting.Due to the advantages of high efficiency,low cost and easy operation,electronic voting has become the mainstream voting method in modern's society,such as companies making major decisions and national leader elections.As an important branch of modern cryptography,the security of most electronic voting schemes is based on computational difficulties,such as large integer factorization and discrete logarithm.With the development of the computer,especially the quantum computer,the security of these electronic voting protocols will be greatly threatened.Therefore,Electronic voting should no longer be based on the security of computational difficulties,but rather on a more secure cryptosystem.Quantum voting is the application of quantum cryptography to electronic voting,and its security is guaranteed by the basic principles of quantum mechanics,which can overcome the security defects in electronic voting.The existing quantum voting protocols are divided into the traveling voting models and the distributed voting models according to the difference of voting methods.This thesis mainly analyzes and studies the advantages and disadvantages of these two models.Combining with quantum cryptography and classical cryptography,two voting protocols,which belong to different models,are proposed,and the security and efficiency of the two voting protocols is analyzed further.The main research results of this thesis are as follows:(1)A voting protocol based on controlled quantum secure direct communication was proposed.The protocol belongs to the quantum distributed voting model.Each voter is assigned different quantum resources.To construct the whole voting system,the controlled quantum secure direct communication is used to ensure the communication security,without the use of the quantum key distribution.In the proposed protocol,the voting operations of the voter and the counting operations of the teller are supervised by a designated trusted third party,so that it can ensure the security of the voting system.At the same time,in order to improve the voting efficiency,the protocol utilizes the idea of quantum entanglement swapping to realize the transmission of voting information,which can transmit the information of two bits.The voter and the supervisor can realize the secure transmission of voting information through Bell measurements,such that its efficiency of voting is significantly improved.(2)A traveling voting protocol based on the Chinese Remainder Theorem was proposed.This protocol solves the problem that the existing traveling voting protocol cannot resist the repeating votes of dishonest voters,and it can ensure the verifiability of the voting.Based on the quantum traveling voting model,the protocol encodes the voting information into the phase of the quantum entangled state by the use of the idea of quantum summation,which can improve the confidentiality of voting information.At the same time,combined with the knowledge of the Chinese Remainder Theorem of classical cryptography,in the voting process,the private parameters distributed by the Chinese Remainder Theorem are inserted into the voting information,which can successfully resist multiple voting attacks by dishonest voters.According to this principle,the sequence of the counting parameters is disordered,and then sent to the teller to count the votes,which can not only retain the anonymity of the voters,but also realize the verifiability of the voting.In addition,to securely transfer quantum vote between two voters,detection particles are added into quantum vote for the detection of the security of the quantum channels,which can increase the security of the voting system.