Study On Taxonomy Of The Lichen Genus Toninia And Its Allied Genera From China

The lichen genus Toninia belongs to the Ramalinaceae,Lecanorales,Lecanoromycetes,Ascomycota,Fungi.Toninia includes 48 species worldwide,13 species were reported in China[2][4][24][29].Generally,the genus of Toninia mostly distributes in the areas of drought and arid,which is an important component of desert lichen.On rock or soil.Thallus crustose to squamulose,epruinose to densely pruinose.Apothecia lecideine,epruinose to densely pruinose.Hypothecium dark brown to colorless;epihymenium and exciple usually colorless,grey,green,brown;asci clavate,Biatora-type,8 spores per ascus;spores elliptical to spindle,colorless,1–8 cell^[4][15][24].Bilimbia is an Allied Genera of Toninia,both of which belong to the family Ramalinaceae^[5][10][13].On soil or moss.Thallus crustose,granular,grey to brown,without sorediose,without prothallus.Apothecia biatorine,usually slightly to distinctly convex or flat,brown to black,epruinose.Epihymenium usually not obvious or olive to light brown;hymenium usually 50–90?m,paraphyses stout,apically to 5?m;asci clavate,Mycobilimbia-type,8 spores per ascus;spores colorless,spindle to bacilliform,?0–?2–7?–9?septa,often with warted epispore?more obvious in K?.No substances or zeorin can be detected by TLC.A taxonomic study of more than 250 specimens from China has been carried out.These specimens are deposited in the herbarium of Kunming Institute of plant research,Chinese Academy of Sciences?KUN?,the lichen herbarium of the Chinese Academy of Sciences?HMAS-L?,the lichen herbarium of Liaocheng University?LCU-L?and the herbarium of Shandong Normal University?SDNU?.The specimens were identified by morphological and anatomical observation,chemical detection?including pot test and TLC test?and phylogenetic analysis.12 species and 3 subspecies of Toninia were identified.6 species were new records to China:T.albilabra,T.coelestina,T.diffracta,T.gobica,T.poeltii,T.superioris,2 subspecies were new records to China:T.tristis ssp.arizonica,T.tristis ssp.fujikawae,5 species were Chinese reported:T.alutacea,T.aromatica,T.cinereovirens,T.lutosa,T.sedifolia,1 subspecies was Chinese reported:T.tristis ssp.asiae-centralis.2 species of Bilimbia were identified,1species was a new record to China:Bilimbia lobulata,1 species was Chinese reported:B.sabuletorum.This article detailedly described the anatomical characteristics,chemical composition and geographical distribution of these species.Some brief discussions are made,various kinds of pictures are provided in the appendix,and a key to the species of Toninia is provided.In this article,some genomes were extracted and ITS sequences were determined.The ML phylogenetic tree was constructed,and genetic analysis was carried out to provide molecular data support for species identification and the definition of interspecific relationships.This study is the first to systematically study the lichens of the genus Toninia in China,which provides the basis for the classification of Toninia,enriches the diversity of lichen species in China,and lays a foundation for the protection of lichen resources in China and the follow-up study of Chinese lichens.