Toxic Effects Of Heavy Metal Copper On Peripheral Blood Of Zebrafish(Danio Rerio)

Zebrafish(Danio rerio)is a tropical freshwater teleost fish characterized by mall size,short reproductive cycle and the transparent embryo and so on.As a model animal approved by the International Organization for Standardization(ISO),it has been widely used in genetics and developmental studies,tumor biology,molecular biology,drug screening,toxicology and environment monitoring and other fields.Blood is sensitive to the changes of environment,which can lead to changes of blood indicators.Up to now,few studies have been done on the toxic effects of copper on the peripheral blood.This study will investigate the effect of copper on zebrafish,referring to the blood index,morphological changes of blood cells,aspects of antioxidant defense system and immune toxicity.The results of this study will provide a theoretical basis and reference for further study on the mechanism of copper toxicity and the development of water quality standards for the environmental monitoring departmentsExperiment ? Morphology and structure of peripheral blood cells of zebrafish.Peripheral blood cells of zebrafish were observed by using light and electron microscopy.Peripheral blood smears from zebrafish were observed by using light microscopy with Wright's staining o ultrathin sections.The results showed that various types of blood cells can be divided as follows:red blood cells,large and small lymphocytes,blood cells,monocytes,neutrophils and eosinophils.In addition,in the peripheral blood red blood cells also showed a little immature and are split red blood cells,red blood cells can be directly split tips in the peripheral blood.Eosinophils and basophils in head kidney and spleen hematopoietic organs in quantity in the peripheral blood of a small number.The various stages of the development of blood cells can be observed in the head kidney.Under the electron microscope,there are no organelles in the red blood cells,and the ultrastructure of various kinds of granulocytes is not the same as that of the mammalian cells.Experiment ? Study on Acute Toxicity and Safe Concentration Evaluation of Heavy Metal Copper to Zebrafish.Zebrafish was used as testing material to study the acute toxicity of heavy metal copper by means of hydrostatic bioassay.The median lethal concentration and safe concentration was detected and calculated by zebrafish exposing to copper for 96h.The results showed that the median lethal concentration of copper to zebrafish for 96h is 0.431mg/L,and the safe concentration is 0.043mg/L.So copper belongs to a highy toxic substance for zebrafish.Experiment ? Effects of Heavy Metal Copper on the Peripheral Blood of Zebrafish.Zebrafish were exposed to a series of concentrations of 0,0.05,0.1 and 0.2 mg/L of copper sulfate solution for 4 days to study on the effect of copper on the peripheral blood of zebrafish,which covered the erythrocyte micronucleus rate,the nuclear abnormal rate,the erythrocyte size and the number of white blood cells,and to explore the changing regularity and trend of the influence of copper ion on the genetic toxicity and the number of zebrafish leukocytes.The results showed that the treatment groups produce more abnormalities containing micronuclei,nucleolus pyknosis,nucleoplasmic concave and convex nucleus abnormalities when compared with the control group.There was a concentration-effect relationship in reponse to copper ion.Addtionally the number of mononuclear and neutrophils increased after zebrafish exposuring to copper.