Survival Status Of Wild Giant Pandas Population In Sichuan Liziping National Nature Reserve

The giant panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)is a unique endangered species in China,and also a precious world natural heritage.After a long history of 8 million years,giant pandas now only sporadically distribute in Qinling,Minshan,Qionglai,Liangshan,Daxiangling and Xiaoxiangling mountain systems in China.At the same time,because of human development,giant pandas are also facing the threat of habitat loss and fragmentation,Sichuan wild giant panda population is divided into 22 local populations,of which some isolated small populations are endangered to extinction.In order to timely and accurately grasp the population dynamics and current situation of giant pandas,scientifically assess the population survival potential,and effectively promote the protection and management of giant pandas,we conducted a related study on the isolated small population of giant pandas in Liziping National Nature Reserve of Xiaoxiangling Mountain system.In order to understand the population and survival status of wild giant pandas in Liziping Reserve,from May 2016 to July 2017,we firstly analyzed the distribution characteristics of giant pandas in Liziping Reserve by investigating the traces of giant pandas and collecting fresh feces,and investigated the population of giant pandas in the researching area by distance-Bamboo stem fragment discrimination method and microsatellite DNA marker method.Secondly,in the process of fecal collection,we investigated the traces of giant panda homologous animals and the types of human interference encountered on the sample line to explore the resource utilization and competition relationship(natural enemies,competition,etc.)between other wild animals and giant pandas in the habitat of giant pandas,and the impact of human interference on the survival of giant pandas.Finally,the genetic diversity and structure of the small wild giant panda population in Liziping Nature Reserve were analyzed by microsatellite analysis.The results of population analysis showed that the giant pandas were concentrated in the vicinity of Gongyihai and Mamadi,and scattered in other areas.The distribution of trace points in functional zoning shows core zone > buffer zone > experimental zone.Eighteen wild giant pandas were identified by distance-Bamboo stem fragment method,and mainly distributed in the area of Mamadi and Alulundi river.Twenty-three giant pandas(Include the released captive-born giant pandas Taotao and Zhangxiang)wereidentified by microsatellite molecular markers.Microsatellite genetic diversity analysis showed that 68 alleles were obtained at 12 microsatellite marker loci.The average observed allele(MNA)was 5.667,the effective allele(Ne)ranged from 2.037 to 7.896,and the average effective allele number was4.114.The average observed heterozygosity(Ho)was 0.430,the average expected heterozygosity(He)was 0.733,and the average content of polymorphism information(PIC)of 12 microsatellite markers was 0.674.The loci showed high polymorphism.SRUCTURE analysis showed that the genetic clusters of wild giant pandas in Liziping National Nature Reserve were divided into three clusters.In this survey,there are 2 classes,5 orders and 12 families in the habitat of giant pandas.Among them,Moschus berezovskii is the first class protected animal in our country,and 10 species in the second class protected animal in China: Macaca thibetana,Macaca mulatta,Ursus thibetanus,Ailurus fulgens,Martes flavigula,Naemordus,Chinese Iguana.Capricornis sumatraensis,Chrysolophus amherstiae,Tragopan temminckii and Ithaginis cruentus.According to the study on the influencing factors of human disturbance on the habitat of giant panda,human disturbance mainly distributed between 2197-3758 m altitude,totaling 12 disturbance types.Among them,grazing is the most frequent type of disturbance,followed by nearby residents entering the reserve to dig medicine.The results of the study on the survival status of giant panda population in Liziping Reserve can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of giant panda release and conservation in Liziping Reserve.The results of the analysis on the number,genetic diversity and genetic structure of giant panda population in Liziping Reserve can provide a scientific reference for the growth of other small giant panda populations in the future.It also helps to scientifically assess the population survival potential.The investigation and Study on the homologous animal and human disturbance of giant pandas will help to lay a foundation for the further protection of giant panda habitat in Liziping National Nature Reserve.