Study On Morphology And Phylogeny Among A Few Representative Vespids(Hymenoptera:Vespidae)

The family Vespidae(Hymenoptera: Apocrita: Aculeata),the subfamily and genus of the respective group are still controversial.The similar species,color variations and some interspecific relationships in different fauna are still unclear.The ultrastructure and larval structure of some species still not known.To understand more representative species and their characteristics is the key to rearch the phylogenetic relationship in Vespidae.This study conducted a field investigate about the diversity of vespids in China.The developed nest of Dolichovespula stigma?D.intermedia and Vespula structor was found for the first time.All stages and nest structure described.The ultrastructure of antenna?mouthpart and larvae observed in some species of Vespidae.Based on this research,the phylogenetic relationship of Vespidae are briefly discussed.The results are summarized as follows.(1)The nest structure and immature stages of three vespids were described for the first time.The nest of D.stigma is small nest and just above the ground.The uppermost comb is connected to the inner top of the envelope broadly by a central buttressed sheet.The nest of D.intermedia is small nest(cells with different diameter),about 5 m above ground.The combs is same with D.stigma.The nest of Vespula structor is middle nest(cells with different diameter)and buried underground about 10 cm.The combs were attached to each other by a large buttressed sheet centrally with many narrow auxiliary pedicels.D.baileyi is synonymized with D.stigma.The larvae of D.stigma: distinct apical tooth and two dorsal teeth shallowly serrated and very poorly defined,two setae above each labial palp,processes at perimeter of primary tracheal opening of spiracles variable in shape,with numerous micro-branches and many branches arising all over processes.The larvae of D.intermedia: gena with sparse spicules,distinct apical tooth,and two dorsal teeth shallowly serrated and clear defined,one campaniform sensillum above each labial palp,collar processes of spiracle with branches only in its apical half.The larvae of V.structor: ecdysial sulcus distinct,mandible with three apical teeth,processes at perimeter of primary tracheal opening simple,collar process of spiracle sort,even rudimentary.(2)The ultrastructure of antenna of eighteen species in nine genera and ultrastructure of mouthpart of five speices compared respectively.The sensilla show a distinct difference in various genera of Vespidae.There are seven types of sensilla and many subtypes.The types and length of senilla in Vespinae are further than Polistinae.The ventral surface of male antenna have distinct tyloids in Vespinae and show flat distributed sparse sensillum trichodeum and clustered sensory pores in Polistinae.The density of sensilla is low,and the distance between sensilla is broad in Eustenogaster micans.The ultrastructure of mouthpart is similar in Vespinae and Polistinae,with distinct difference with Rhynchium quinquecinctum.(3)The phylogeny was briefly discussed respectively by cluster analysis based on 22 species of larval characteristics and 20 species of antennae sensory characteristics.The difference of larval characteristics is clear in inter-genera.The difference of antennal sensilla is clear in inter-genera and confused in Polistinae.The higher categories can be distinguish and not inter-species with larval characteristics and antennae sensilla.