Research On Structural Design And Measurement Of A New Solar Radiation Measuring Instrument

Atmospheric aerosols have a huge impact on the global energy balance and climate change.Therefore,the monitoring of atmospheric aerosols has attracted more and more attention from many countries and has developed in monitoring methods and monitoring equipment.At present,there are mainly two methods for atmospheric aerosol monitoring: satellite monitoring and ground-based monitoring.The two complement each other and have their own advantages and disadvantages.The comparison between ground-based monitoring data and satellite monitoring data can improve the measurement accuracy and reliability of the two.At present,a variety of ground-based atmospheric aerosol monitoring equipment with good performance has been developed at home and abroad.The solar radiation measuring instrument involved in this article is one of them.Using this equipment for network monitoring is also a trend in the development of ground-based equipment.The thesis is mainly based on the reality that domestic atmospheric aerosol monitoring has huge demand and the existing domestic and foreign equipment is lacking and insufficient,and developed a new type of solar radiation measuring instrument to meet the domestic atmospheric aerosol monitoring needs.Generally,the monitoring equipment of solar radiation measuring instruments at home and abroad has the function of measuring the atmospheric aerosol optical thickness,ozone and water vapor content.The measurement accuracy of the equipment is affected by many aspects.On the one hand,it is affected by the temperature.The temperature change will cause problems such as reduced detector responsiveness and worsened detector transmittance.The higher the accuracy,the higher the measurement accuracy of the instrument.In order to achieve breakthroughs in the above two aspects,firstly,a temperature control design is introduced into the solar radiation measuring instrument,and the measurement accuracy of the device is improved by maintaining the temperature of the optical device such as the detector within a suitable working range;secondly,the detector and the filter a shutter mechanism has been newly added,which can accurately measure the dark noise of each channel through the control of the shutter mechanism,and ultimately improve the overall measurement accuracy of the instrument.The thesis mainly includes two parts,one part is the design of solar radiation measuring instrument,and the other part is the calibration experiment and performance verification experiment of the designed solar radiation measuring instrument.The design part of the solar radiation measuring instrument includes the structural design of the key components of the detection head(the design of the optical lens barrel,the design of the filter wheel and the design of the detector base)and the design of the circuit system(main control module design,solar tracking design,temperature control module design and development of liquid crystal display and keyboard module);the other part is to perform two performance verification experiments and a solar direct radiation measurement channel Langley calibration experiment on the solar radiation measuring instrument.After the design is completed,the measurement band of the solar radiation measuring instrument covers the visible-near infrared channel,and the center wavelengths of nine narrow-band filters with a bandwidth of 10 nm are 340 nm,380 nm,440 nm,500 nm,676 nm,870 nm,940 nm,1020 nm,and 1650 nm.The thesis verified the acquisition performance of the data acquisition system of the solar radiation measuring instrument and the temperature control performance of the temperature control system,and carried out the Langley calibration experiment on the direct solar radiation measurement channel to determine that the data acquisition system and temperature control system of the instrument performed well,The instrument calibration linearity meets the measurement requirements,with the conditions for further calibration experiments and measurements,combined with theory and experience for in-depth analysis of the factors that affect the instrument's measurement accuracy,and found that the current instrument's theoretical measurement error is relatively large,according to the error factor The solar radiation measuring instrument proposes several improvement measures.