| With the development of social economy,all sectors of society have realized the importance of protecting ecological security for sustainable development,and maintaining biodiversity is of great importance.Since the 21 st century,the Jiaodong Peninsula region has entered a stage of rapid development,with the level of urbanization and population greatly improving and the scope and intensity of human activities increasing.This has seriously affected the natural ecological environment and biodiversity of the Jiaodong Peninsula.Land use change is considered to be one of the direct driving factors of ecological spatial change,leading to a series of ecological and environmental problems and and exacerbating the conflict between human society and ecological environment.Therefore,based on the analysis of the spatial-temporal characteristics of land use in the Jiaodong Peninsula,the biodiversity assessment and influential factor analysis were carried out,which can provide scientific basis for the protection and development of ecological environment,and has positive significance for maintaining regional ecological security and stability and promoting sustainable development.This paper taking the Jiaodong Peninsula area as the research object,based on the land use data set of 2000,2005,2010 and 2015,comprehensive assessment and analysis of influencing factors of the biodiversity in the landscape of Jiaodong Peninsula using model method.First,quantitative and qualitative description of the evolution of spatial and temporal patterns of land use in Jiaodong Peninsula is carried out from quantitative characteristics,spatial distribution,change rate,transfer characteristics,etc.Secondly,the habitat quality index and landscape state index are used to dynamically evaluate the biodiversity index of Jiaodong Peninsula,the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of habitat quality index and landscape state index are described,and the biodiversity index is described from the perspective of spatial and temporal changes and regional market changes;Finally,the effects on biodiversity changes in Jiaodong Peninsula are analyzed in depth from seven aspects: altitude,slope,precipitation,temperature,land use transfer,population quantity and gross national product of natural and social factors.The results show that:(1)The spatial distribution of land use in Jiaodong Peninsula between 2000 and 2015 has not changed significantly,and cultivated land has been the most important land use type,accounting for more than 39% of the area,followed by coastal wetlands and construction land.Over the past 15 years,cultivated land,woodland,grassland and coastal wetlands have shown a trend of continuous decline,and construction land and inland water bodies have shown a trend of continuous growth.Among them,cultivated land and construction land are the most reduced and increased types of land,the change area is 1097.60 km2 and 1422.62 km2,respectively.The land use structure has changed because the construction land area exceeds the grassland area.The change rate of land in Jiaodong Peninsula is first up and then down,with a peak value of 0.82 in the period 2005-2010.The change rate of construction land,inland water body and unused land is the most obvious than that of other land types.From 2000 to 2015,the area of land use change in Jiaodong Peninsula was the most cultivated land,grassland transfer and construction land transfer,of which the area of cultivated land transfer to construction land was the most,1070.76 km2.(2)The area of the Jiaodong Peninsula with medium grade of habitat quality index is the most widely distributed in 2000-2015,the area of high,higher and middle grade is decreasing continuously,the area of middle grade is decreasing by 4.65%,the area of low and lower grade is increasing by 3.85%,the global average of habitat quality index is 0.536,0.531,0.524,0.519,showing a slight downward trend.Areas with high habitat levels are mainly located in coastal zone areas and inland forest land,grassland,inland water areas;areas with low habitat levels are mainly located around urban sites and constructed wetlands;higher and lower habitats are generally distributed around high and low grades;and the distribution range of medium-grade habitats is generally similar to that of cultivated land.In 15 years,the change of habitat quality in Jiaodong Peninsula was mainly in the range of-0.5-0,and the area where the habitat quality index decreased was mainly distributed near the construction land,and the overall change rate was also the trend of first fast and then slow,which was consistent with the change trend of land use in this area.(3)The landscape state index of Jiaodong Peninsula in 2000-2015 was the highest proportion of high area,maintained above 36%,and the lowest proportion of low level landscape state index area was about 7%.The area of landscape state index of high,higher and lower grade is decreasing,the area of middle and lower grade is rising,the proportion of middle area rising 1.70% becomes the biggest change range,and its area rises to second place,so the whole structure changes.The high-grade landscape state index is mostly distributed in the areas with large patches,such as construction land,shallow sea water area,and the low-grade landscape state index is mostly distributed in scattered woodland and grassland,which is closely related to the singularity,homogeneity and continuity of patches.There are differences in the change of landscape state index in different periods.On the whole,the change of landscape state index in coastal area is more than that in inland area,and it is mainly decreased.(4)The largest distribution area of the biodiversity index in the Jiaodong Peninsula in 2000-2015 was the high-grade biodiversity index,which accounted for more than 34 per cent,but showed a continuous downward trend,while the area of the low-grade index increased continuously,with a total increase of 1436.76 km2,the area ratio exceeding the higher grade,resulting in changes in the structure of the biodiversity grade.The areas with high biodiversity levels are mostly distributed in coastal and mountainous areas,and the areas with low biodiversity levels are mainly distributed around construction land and coastal areas in the north.The variation range of biodiversity index in Jiaodong Peninsula area is mainly in the range of-0.3-0 in 15 years,where the variation area accounts for 9.27% of the total area of Jiaodong Peninsula area,and the variation area of biodiversity is mostly distributed with coastal zone area,and there is aggregation phenomenon in coastal urban area.According to the average biodiversity index in each administrative district of Jiaodong Peninsula,the biodiversity index of most cities has declined.Laoshan District has the highest biodiversity index,which has remained above 0.592 for many years,and the lowest value is Shinan District.At about 0.306,the biodiversity grade of Longkou City and Laishan District has decreased significantly.In most urban biodiversity structures,the proportion of high and higher grades continues to decline,while the proportion of low and lower grades continues to rise.(5)Changes in the biodiversity of the Jiaodong Peninsula are related to natural factors such as topography,meteorology and land use changes,and are also affected by socio-economic factors.From the point of view of topographic factors,the change of biodiversity index is concentrated in the area with lower elevation and slower slope,and the area of change decreases with the increase of altitude and slope.According to meteorological factors,the variation of biodiversity index in the area with moderate annual precipitation and low temperature is the least,and the proportion of change area increases with the increase of temperature.From the point of view of land use transfer,the most extensive impact on the decline in biodiversity index is the increase in construction land,while the most significant impact on the decline in biodiversity index is the decrease in coastal wetlands.From the point of view of social and economic factors,in the cities with rapid population growth,the level of biodiversity decreased significantly,and the relationship between the total amount of GDP in the cities and the level of biodiversity showed a significant negative correlation.(6)Based on the results of biodiversity assessment in Jiaodong Peninsula,suggestions for biodiversity conservation and promotion in Jiaodong Peninsula are put forward: implementation of classified biodiversity conservation;improvement of biodiversity conservation system system;and strengthening of coordination between districts and cities. |
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