Study On The Construction Of Ecological Compensation System In Xiangjiang River Basin

Ecological compensation is an integrated concept formed by cross-disciplinary research in such fields as ecology,environment,economics and law.Ecological compensation in river basin is one of the important branches.The ecological compensation in river basin is an institutional arrangement that aims to protect the ecosystem function of the basin,promote the harmony between man and nature,and regulate the economic interests of ecological protectors,beneficiaries and saboteurs by using financial,tax,market and other means.The theoretical basis of ecological compensation in river basin includes the relevant theories of public management,economics and law.Study on the Construction of Ecological Compensation System in Xiangjiang River Basin,based on the national ecological civilization construction and green development,the full implementation of river chief system,as well as two types of social construction and ecological background in Hunan province.Meanwhile,studing the ecological compensation system in the Xiangjiang River Basin under the basement that the central government has promulgated relevant policies for ecological compensation in the river basin and various provinces have also actively launched the exploration and practice of ecological compensation in the river basin.The ecological compensation system in Xiangjiang River Basin is mainly based on the normative document Interim Measures for Ecological Compensation(Water Quality and Water Reward)in Xiangjiang River Basin in Hunan Province(hereinafter referred to as the Interim Measures).Interim Measures stipulates water quality and water quantity target assessment mechanism,which is a model of ecological compensation in Xiangjiang River Basin.The model is a powerful exploration of ecological compensation in Xiangjiang River Basin.However,some problems still exist in the ecological compensation system in Xiangjiang River Basin.First,the system of ecological compensation laws and regulations in the Xiangjiang River basin should be improved.Second,the Xiangjiang River basin management system is not smooth.Third,the content of the legal system of ecological compensation in Xiangjiang River basin needs to be improved.The main body and object of ecological compensation in Xiangjiang River Basin is narrow,the ecological compensation standard in Xiangjiang River Basin is low,and the ecological compensation method in Xiangjiang River Basin is single.Thus,in view of the existing problems in the ecological compensation system in the Xiangjiang River basin,from the perspective of the system construction,the construction of the ecological compensation system in the Xiangjiang River Basin should mainly be carried out in the following aspects.First,improve the ecological compensation laws and regulations system in Xiangjiang River Basin.At the national level,promoting the special legislation of ecological compensation in watershed especially the promulgation of Regulations on Ecological Compensation and amending and perfecting the contents of ecological compensation in existing watershed under the current law on environmental protection.At the local level in Hunan Province,the Interim Measures for Ecological Compensation(Water Quality and Water Reward)in Xiangjiang River Basin in Hunan Province which is a specific code for ecological compensation of Xiangjiang River Basin should be revised and amended in due course.What’s more,the Regulations on Ecological Compensation in Hunan Province should be formulated.Second,straighten out the management system of Xiangjiang River.According to the provisions of the Water Law on the establishment of river basin management agencies,the Xiangjiang River Basin Authority should be set up and the Xiang River Basin Ecological Compensation Coordination and Supervision Committee could be specially set up to carry out river basin ecological compensation related work.Third,improve the legal system of ecological compensation in Xiangjiang River Basin.First of all,define the subject and object of ecological compensation in Xiangjiang River Basin.On the one hand,the development of horizontal ecological compensation among the governments will enable the government benefiting from the lower reaches of the river basin to become the main compensation party and directly compensate the governments at the upper reaches of the river basin.At the same time,through the exploration of marketization of ecological compensation methods,social economic entities such as enterprises,units and individuals are gradually incorporated into the main bodies and objects of ecological compensation in the basin.Second,optimize the ecological compensation standard in Xiangjiang River Basin.On the one hand,we should appropriately raise the benchmark for the existing "water quality and water reward and punishment." On the other hand,on the basis of considering the amount of cross-boundary water quality and quantity of water,comprehensively considering the ecological protection benefits of the river basin,the cost of ecological protection and the opportunity cost of development,etc.,the compensation rates will be determined.Third,enrich the ecological compensation methods in Xiangjiang River Basin.Increase capital compensation and optimize the system of financial transfer payments;Develop horizontal ecological compensation and "hematopoietic" compensation,such as counterpart coordination,industrial transfer,personnel training and park construction;Develop market-oriented and social ecological compensation methods.