A Remote Sensing Study On Water Erosion Desertification In Northeast Black Soil Region Of China

Desertification is one of the most important environmental issues that endanger the survival of mankind and the development.China is one of the most severe countries on soil erosion in the world.China is a country with a vast land and the landform especially complicated.That leads the water desertification not only wide distributed,but also severe.Water erosion has seriously threatened the country’s ecological security and food security in China.Black soil region of northeast China is the origin place of food.The black soil layer is thick、fertile and reclaimed.The area of plow land accounts for 73%and the area of forest accounts for 10%of the total black soil area.China come up with a project plan called“973”in 2007 April.The project plan put forward a countermeasure about the main types of water and soil erosion regulation and management in our country.And reveal the relation about the regional natural ecological economy and the quantification of soil erosion.With the increasingly serious desertification in northeast China,it is urgent to study the desertification in this area.In this paper,two typical studies are selected to distinguish respectively are Wangfu town,Songyuan city,Jilin province and Wudalianchi city,Heilongjiang province.Based on SPOT6 and American reconnaissance satellites as a data source,through the way of man-computer interactive interpretation of water erosion desertification spatial analysis in the study area,at the same time using the“3S”technology to water erosion desertification status quo in the study area,time and space dynamic change,and combining with the regional data analysis in both driving factors in the study area.Through study and research,the main conclusions are as follows:1.To take advantage of the formation mechanism of water erosion desert ification as the breakthrough point,American reconnaissance satellites and SP-O T6 satellites for high resolution remote sensing image in nearly 50 years of Jil in Songyuan area water erosion desertification in different driving factors under the disturbance of space-time change law were analyzed.According to the dif ference of water erosion desertification in two research areas,the analysis of th e driving factor of the desertification in two research areas was carried out acc ording to the regional data.2.According to the different degrees of desertification in different researc h areas,different interpretation signs are established according to the field inve stigation.In the process of human-computer interaction interpretation,the water erosion desertification in the research area is classified into mild,moderate an d severe according to the interpretation signs.3.According to the interpretation results of two remote sensing images in two research areas:From 1969 to 2015,the land area of desertification in Songyuan research area showed a growth trend,with an increase of 0.11km~2.The land area of water erosion desertification in the study area of Wudalianchi from 1968 to 2015showed a growth trend with an increase of 25.17 km~2.4.It can be seen by calculating the degree of desertification in the study area,that the water erosion desertification is on the uptrend,in which the moderate water erosion is the fastest,followed by the severe water erosion,the slowest growth rate is the mild water erosion in the Songyuan research area;The overall water erosion desertification in the study area of Wudalianchi is increasing,among which the slight water erosion is the fastest,the second is the moderate water erosion,and the slowest growth is the severe water erosion.The water erosion desertification in both places is worsening.5.We can learn the driving factors of water erosion in two research areas can be divided into natural factors and human factors from remote sensing image information extraction、Regional information and field investigation.The slope,precipitation,lithology and topography belong to the category of natural factors.The high intensity precipitation and slope are the necessary condition for the existence of water erosion desertification in the study area.In the Songyuan area,the water erosion desertification is mostly in“V”type,this type of water erosion desertification is more development,and the water erosion desertification is serious.The water erosion desertification in Wudalianchi area is also in“V”type,and the water erosion desertification is still in the early stage of development,the degree of water erosion desertification is relatively light,and the future will continue to develop with the increase of time.The anthropogenic factors are mainly the regional research areas for China’s grain and the development and reclamation of the region.