| Municipal solid waste disposal system is an important infrastructure in each city,including transfer station,landfill site and refuse incinerator.The occurrence and characteristic of antibiotic resistance genes?ARGs?in airborn particle matter?PM?in municipal solid waste disposal system is unknown.In this study,the antibiotic resistance bacteria?ARB?and ARGs in airborn PM10 and PM2.5,leachate and soil in municipal solid waste disposal system were investigated,aiming to explore the occurrence,characteristic and dispersal of airborn ARGs in the system.PM10 and PM2.5,leachate and soil samples were collected from four transfer stations?TS?,four regions of landfill site?LS?,and three regions of refuse incinerator?RI?in Changzhou city of Jiangsu province in China.The results show that the downwind concentrations of PMs significantly increased?p<0.05?at LS and RI.Meanwhile,the proportion of PM2.5/PM100 in total were 0.73-0.80.Based on the quantitative PCR?q-PCR?,the abundance of 16S rRNA gene in PMs were 1.06×105-6.29×105 copies/m3,and the downwind abundance of 16S rRNA gene also rose in LS and RI.22 subtypes of ARGs conferring to six classes of antibiotics such as Sulfonamides,Tetracyclines,Quinolone,Aminoglycoside,Macrolide,?-lactam and int1were quantified from air,leachate and soil,the results show that the trend for abundance of ARGs were leachate>soil>air.Moreover,the correlation between 16S,int1,five classes ARGs(sul1,tetQ,blaTEM-1,ermB,qepA)and PM2.5.5 were analyzed,and results show there were significant positive correlations between 16S,int1,ARGs(sul1,tetQ,blaTEM-1,ermB)and PM2.5.5 concentrations,while the qepA showed a negative correlation?p<0.01?with PM2.5.The bacterial community compositions of PM10,leachate and soil from TS,LS and RI were analysed by high throughput sequencing technology.The results show that Proteobacteria were predominant bacteria in PM10,leachate and soil,and the bacterial community compositions of PM10 were similar to these from leachate.Pathogens were found from air at genus level.Using culture-based approaches,a total of 67?-lactam resistant bacteria strains were isolated and identified by 16S rRNA sequencing.In addition,two ARGs(bla TEM-1 and sul1)complete sequences among bacteria were compared.The bla TEM-1EM-1 gene sequences were from 99.01%among bacteria,while the sul1 gene sequences were 99.57%among bacteria.This study has found that the ARGs and antibiotic resistant bacteria were abundant,and the results show that the source of airborn ARGs and microorganism were leachate and be interactional with local soil. |
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