Analysis Of Social Vulnerability Of Shanghai:from The Perspectives Of Natural Disaster Response

More and more damage data shows that with the climate change caused by human activities and the urbanization,the impacts of natural disasters on the public security are increasingly significant.They seriously threaten the public security and even the sustainable development of the society.By researching on the natural disasters,scholars have been aware that not only the hazard factors but also the vulnerability and the exposure degree of the society play an important role in the damage degree.Moreover,the vulnerability acts as the bridge linking hazard factors and the exposure degree.Based on the above,the essay adopts the concept of “Vulnerability” and the related analysis tools to explore the social vulnerability of Shanghai from the perspectives of natural disaster response.The sixteenth districts of Shanghai are used as the basic unit to collect data.The data comes from the Shanghai census,statistical yearbooks,and statistical bulletin.In consideration of the actual situation of Shanghai,the essay uses the HOP model,social vulnerability theory,public goods theory to select the initial index.Then,factor analysis will be adopted to filter out the key indicators that could be used for constructing an evaluation system.In addition,theTOPSIS method will be applied on calculating the vulnerability of Shanghai.Finally,the essay will discuss their vulnerability features and put forward a number of suggestions.Followings are the results:(1)According to the social vulnerability assessment,Chongming has the greatest social vulnerability in Shanghai,followed by Hongkou;the lowest social vulnerability is Pudong,followed by Minhang;and the other districts have the similar level of social vulnerability.(2)Population,economy and infrastructure indicators have a significant impact on the social vulnerability of natural disasters;the three indicators---population,economy,infrastructure,show different impacts on the social vulnerability of natural disasters.The influence of the economy factor and the infrastructure factor is greater than that of the population on the social vulnerability of natural disasters.(3)Effective market and government involvement are beneficial for reducing the social vulnerability of natural disasters.The measures of reducing the social vulnerability and strengthening the disaster-resisting capability of the social system can be divided into two categories.The first measure is to strengthen the resilience of different subjects in the management of social vulnerabilities by expanding and optimizing their respective measures.Based on the former measure,the second measure emphasizes the cooperation between various subjects.In enhancing the level of social vulnerability management,the acceptable approach is the combination of government guidance and effective market currently.(4)Although a number of social vulnerability management institutions have been established,institutional construction is still not mature enough.There are some flawed structures that affect the effective implementation of social vulnerability management.Even though the fundamental systematic construction has been achieved,the fundamental laws and regulations established,there are still a great number of flaws.The technical foundation is blameless,but the research and the application of disaster mitigation technologies are relatively inadequate,not to mention the utilization of Shanghai’s superior resources.The following are suggestions for promoting the level of vulnerability management in Shanghai.The first is to increasefinancial support for natural disaster response.The second is to establish and improve relevant laws and systematic construction.The third is to strengthen the effective intervention of market tools in response to disaster risk in the public security.The last is to improve the awareness level of risk prevention.