Study On Pollution Characteristics Of Brominated Flame Retardants In PM_2.5 In Shanghai,China

Brominated flame retardants are the most widely used organic flame retardants in the world,which can be evaporated or volatilized into the atmosphere and be adsorbed in atmospheric particulates after long-distance transportation and settlement.They will do harm to the environment and human beings.Hence,PM_2.5 samples which in Pudong New Area and Qingpu Area of Shanghai between January and December in 2015 were collected in this study,and the pollution level of brominated flame retardants,seasonal variation and human exposure dose were studied.The results of this study will provide an experimental basis for study of brominated flame retardants.The main results and contents are as follows:1.In PM_2.5,the concentration of 8∑in Pudong New Area range from 3.93⁹5.05pg/m³,the median concentration is 30.46pg/m³ and the mean concentration of Polybrominated diphenyl ethers（PBDEs）is 35.52pg/m³;the concentration of 8∑in Qingpu Area range from4.86¹90.06pg/m³,the median concentration is 24.20pg/m³ and the mean concentration of Polybrominated diphenyl ethers（PBDEs）is 31.82 pg/m³.The results showed that the concentration of PBDEs in the densely populated urban area was significantly higher than that in the suburbs.In the national research coverage,the PBDEs pollution in Shanghai is at a moderate level.2.In spring,the mean concentration of PBDEs in Pudong New Area and Qingpu Area is 37.27 pg/m³,31.03 pg/m³,respectively;in summer,the mean concentration is 46.71 pg/m³,28.18 pg/m³,respectively;in autumn,the mean concentration is 30.96 pg/m³,29.60 pg/m³,respectively;in winter the mean concentration is 32.66 pg/m³,44.63 pg/m³,respectively.The statistical analysis of the real-time monitoring data of the sampling points shows that the seasonal distribution is also related to the atmospheric temperature,humidity,distribution of pollution sources and the influence of monsoon.3.Average concentration levels of TBBPA in Pudong New Area is48.19±15.42pg/m³（range from 26.88⁸4.51 pg/m³）,and average concentration levels of TBBPA in Qingpu Area is 40.25±29.01pg/m³（range from 13.54¹22.38 pg/m³）.Compared with the developed countries,the concentration of TBBPA in the atmosphere is higher in our country.4.The average concentration of TBBPA in Pudong New Area is 40.22pg/m³ in spring,65.03 pg/m³ in summer,39.69 pg/m³ in autumn and 56.08pg/m³ in winter.In Qingpu Area,the highest average concentration of TBBPA is 78.41 pg/m³ in winter,35.04 pg/m³ in summer,29.84 pg/m³ in spring and 28.69 pg/m³ in autumn.It showes a positive correlation between the concentration of PM_2.5.5 and the concentration of TBBPA.5.The exposure dose of PBDEs and TBBPA from inhalation pathway in different ages were calculated by human exposure model in Pudong New Area and Qingpu Area.The results shows that the level of human exposure to PBDEs is higher in the urban area than in the suburbs,BDE-154 is the main pollutant of human body inhalation,the highest daily exposure of infants is 10.73 pg/Kg-bw/day.Compared with children,the daily exposure of infants is 10 times higher than that of children.Its potential healthy hazards cannot be ignored.The smaller the age,the greater the impact of the pollutants.Currently,TBBPA exposure is not up to g/kg body weight level,and it has no toxic effect on human body.