Synthesis And Electrochemical Properties Of Pt-based Multicomponent Nanocrystals

The large-scale energy consumption of mankind began with the industrial revolution in the early 19th century.Increasing energy consumption and low abundance of conventional fuels have aroused serious concern all over the world.Today,energy has become an important support for economic and sustainable development.However,while people are pursuing economic benefits unilaterally,there are also problems such as energy shortage and serious environmental pollution.Therefore,it is necessary to develop new energy and technology to meet future energy needs,thereby reducing environmental pollution.Therefore,the development of clean energy production technology has become the focus of global research.Clean and efficient new energy is recognized as one of the ways to solve the future energy shortage and environmental pollution problems.At present,fuel cell in clean energy is a new kind of energy which directly converts chemical energy into electric energy by electrochemical method.Direct methanol fuel cell and direct formic acid fuel cell are also new fuel cells.Direct methanol fuel cell is a fuel cell fueled by methanol,while direct formic acid fuel cell is a new fuel cell fueled by formic acid.Due to the advantages of renewable methanol and formic acid,high energy conversion rate,high density,convenient transportation and easy access,it has gradually begun to cause.People's interest in research.Due to the high price of precious metal Pt,it is a challenging task to introduce other non-precious elements into the precious metal Pt,how to add transition metals to form alloys with Pt,and how to have high catalytic activity and stability.In this study,we first introduce a"bottom-up"strategy to prepare the adjustable composition of PtCu alloy nanosponges and pure Pt nanosponges,which are composed of sub-4.5 nm particles without using additional surfactants and have a wide range.Four ternary PtPdRu nanocatalysts were synthesized by hydrothermal synthesis with two other precious metals Pd and Ru added to the precious metal element Pt.Their electrochemical properties and stability in formic acid fuel cells were tested.?1?Acetylacetone platinum and copper acetylacetonate were used as metal precursors,formaldehyde as reducing agent,and N,N-dimethylformamide?DMF?as solvent.A series of PtCu alloy nanosponges were successfully synthesized by solvothermal reaction at 180 C for 12 hours.The performance and stability of methanol fuel cell,especially PtCu₂ nanosponge crystals,are 5.84/2.93 times of pure Pt samples in area specific activity and mass specific activity,respectively.?2?Ternary PtPdRu alloy nanocrystals were successfully synthesized by one-step reaction at 170 C for 6 hours using Na₂PdCl₄,H₂PtCl₆ and RuCl₃ as metal precursors,polyvinyl pyrrolidone?PVP MW=8000?as surfactant,formaldehyde as reducing agent and formamide as solvent.The area ratio of Pt₃Pd₂Ru₁ sample is 2.56/1.73 times higher than that of commercial Pd black in 0.1MH₂SO₄+0.5MHCOH and0.1MHClO4+0.5MHCOH,respectively.