Comprehensive Utilization Of Mushroom Residue And Vinegar Residue Waste And Its Aquaculture Research

Mushroom residue is the remaining solid medium when the flammulina velutipes fruit body is harvested.mushroom residue consists of rich nutrient contents which possesses good development and utilization value.Vinegar residue is a kind of by-products produced during the process of vinegar brewing.Both are typical agricultural and industrial wastes in Zhenjiang.At present,the main treatment methods of mushroom residue and vinegar residue are landfill,discard or incineration,which causes serious resource waste and environmental pollution problems.Therefore,how to realize the comprehensive utilization of the resources of mushroom residue and vinegar residue is an urgent problem to be solved.There is highly nutritional and economic value in earthworms.At present,the cow dung is generally used as the culture substrate of earthworm.Due to the decrease of cow dung resources,how to obtain high-quality breeding matrix has been a hot issue in the earthworm breeding industry.However,there has been no report about the comprehensive utilization of mushroom residue and vinegar residue through fermentation and the research on the earthworm breeding industry with the fermentation products.In this research,in order to realize the comprehensive utilization of mushroom residue and vinegar residue,the response surface analysis method was applied to optimize the process conditions of solid fermentation of mushroom residue and vinegar residue to prepare earthworm culture substrate and then applied it to earthworm culture.The research is of great significance for comprehensive utilization of resources,which could provide a new kind of matrix for the cultivation of earthworm.The main research contents are listed as follows:(1)Analysis of the basic composition in Flammulina velutipes and vinegar residue.The basic composition of mushroom residue and vinegar residue was analyzed by the standardization methods of the People's Republic of China.The crude protein content of Flammulina velutipes and vinegar residue was 7.32%and 5.35%,respectively.The crude fat content was 1.71%and1.87%,respectively.The ash contents were 17.87%and 9.27%,the crude fiber contents were26.53%and 35.86%,respectively,and the moisture contents were 44.82%and 50.26%,respectively.Elemental analysis results showed that the contents of C,N,H and P in mushroom residue were 24.40%,2.16%,3.21%and 3.20%,respectively;the contents of C,N,H and P in vinegar residue were 43.67%,1.88%,5.87%and 6.36%respectively.The contents of Fe,Mn,Zn and Ca in mushroom residue were 6880,300,472 and 64000 mg/kg,respectively.In addition,the contents of Fe,Mn,Zn and Ca in vinegar residue were 475,41,25 and 2230 mg/kg,respectively.(2)Solid-state fermentation technology of mushroom residue and vinegar residue.The crude protein content of the fermentation product was taken as the index,and then the single-factor experiment and response surface analysis method were applied to optimize the solid-state fermentation process of Flammulina velutipes and vinegar residue.The optimal fermentation conditions are as follows:The mixture volume ratio of Fermentation strain Phanerochaete chrysosporium,Candida tropicalis and Bacillus subtilis is 1:1:1.The fermentation substrate consists of Erythrophagous fungus and vinegar residue with the ratio of 7:3.The inoculum,fermentation temperature and pH are 7.54%,25.61?and 7.75,respectively.Under this condition,the crude protein content and crude fat content in the fermentation product were18.23%and 0.50%,respectively.The C,N,H and P contents were 32.64%,2.39%,3.07%and3.20%.And the Mn,Fe,Zn and Ca content was 264 mg/kg,6920 mg/kg,459 mg/kg and 4040mg/kg,respectively.It can be seen that the crude protein content is significantly higher than that of the fermented raw material,and the crude fat content is significantly lower than that of the fermented raw material,and the fermentation substrate can be used as a culture substrate and fertilizer.(3)Study on the technology of earthworm culture with fermentation products.Based on the index of daily weight gain multiples,the response surface analysis experiment was applied to optimize the earthworm culture conditions.The results showed that the optimal culture conditions for earthworm were aquaculture density of 18.4/dm~3,initial pH of 7.2 and culture temperature of 26.8?.Under this condition,the daily weight gain of earthworm was 0.0387,and the crude protein,crude fat and moisture content of earthworm dry powder were 57.52%,10.93%and 9.56%,respectively.The results of the enzyme activity analysis showed that the fermentation products could increase SOD and GSH activity by 20.93%and 16.89%,and reduce MDA content by 19.98%in earthworm compared with theunfermented raw materials,Compared with the cow dung substrate,the fermentation product can increase the activity of SOD and GSH in the sputum by 11.14%and 7.14%,respectively,and the MDA content by 5.65%.It could be seen that the solid fermentation product of mushroom residue and vinegar residue is suitable for earthworm breeding.Moreover,it could increase the yield and quality of earthworm.