Research On New Aluminum-containing Nanocomposite Energetic Materials

Al-based nano-energetic materials have received extensive attention because it can greatly increase the contact between reactive components of energetic materials,reduce heat transfer,mass transfer distances,and reaction barriers,thereby enhancing reaction activity,improving ignition delay and increasing work rate.In order to keep up with the frontiers of national defense technology and develop new types of energetic nanomaterials,we have researched and developed two new types of Al-based nanoenergetic materials included Al/PFSA and Al/2D WO₃.First in this article,Al/PFSA composite energetic materials using ultrasonic mixing method was prepared.It is found that the dispersibility of Al/PFSA composite energetic materials is better than that of Al/PTFE composite energetic materials characterized by SEM;The results of thermal analysis?DSC?showed that the reaction exotherm of nAl/PFSA composites is 2675 J/g,which was much higher than that of nAl/PTFE 961.8 J/g,the initial reaction temperature of 370?was also far lower than 463.8?;the tensile test of Al/PFSA composite energetic material film showed that it has a certain mechanical strength;the high-speed photography test shows the combustion performance of nAl/PFSA film was relatively stable,the burning speed was about 2.04 cm/s.Then,we combined with the hotspots of 2D and proposed the concept of 2D energetic materials,and realized the preparation and characterization of nano-Al/2D WO₃nanocomposite materials.2D WO₃ was prepared by the commonly used solvothermal method,and its crystal structure and micro-morphology were tested using XRD,AFM and TEM.Using the obtained 2D WO₃ as an oxidant,an Al/2D WO₃ nanocomposite energetic material was prepared by the ultrasonic mixing method.SEM showed that nAl and 2D WO₃ were well dispersed.Testing its thermal reaction characteristics,it was found that the reaction was mainly concentrated in the solid-phase reaction stage.The exotherm of the solid-phase reaction section was 1415.9 J/g,reaching 48.8%?2900 J/g?of the theoretical reaction heat,which was higher than that of nAl/WO₃?conventional?1209 J/g,the results showed that the nano-energetic materials prepared by mixing 2D WO₃ with nano-Al obviously reduced the reaction activation energy and increased the reaction rate.Finally,using the self-made photoelectric burning rate device and the self-made small enclosed explosive device to test the linear combustion speed of Al/2D WO₃ was about 71.9m/s?similar to the high-speed photography method?,the maximum explosion pressure is21.13 MPa,and the boost rate is 24.18 GPa/s,the explosion pressure results were much better than the 8.43 MPa and 1.15 GPa/s of nAl/WO₃?conventional?system.Our results showed that2D materials can significantly improve the energy efficiency of energetic materials and enhance their application potential in the fields of military,defense and explosion.