| The contradiction between economic growth and environmental pollution caused by rapid industrialization and urbanization has attracted the attention of the whole world,especially in resource-based cities,which take natural resource exploitation and processing as the leading industries.China has many resource-based cities,which are widely distributed.Severe depletion of natural resources and high pollutant emissions have seriously hindered the sustainable development of resource-based cities.Simultaneously,the amount of municipal solid wastes is increasing,and“besieged by wastes”has become a severe challenge for many cities.Industrial symbiosis and urban symbiosis provide a new solution to environmental and ecological challenges brought by industrial and regional economic development.In order to uncover the effects of industrial symbiosis and urban symbiosis,this study selected Yongcheng as the case study object.It is a typical resource-based city with numerous energy-intensive enterprises.Based on a combination of methods such as material flow analysis,emergy analysis,life cycle assessment and social network analysis,this study conducts a systematic evaluation of the overall performance and network structure of industrial symbiosis and urban symbiosis in Yongcheng.Firstly,an analysis framework based on material flow analysis,carbon footprint and emergy analysis is constructed to comprehensively evaluate the environmental benefits,low-carbon benefits and ecological benefits of existing and potential material,energy and water symbiosis activities,and compare the symbiotic efficiency of different symbiosis activities;Secondly,the impacts of symbiotic activities on primary energy demand,greenhouse effect,acidification,eutrophication,and human toxicity potential is evaluated based on the life cycle method;And the structural characteristics of Yongcheng symbiotic network are analyzed via social network analysis;Finally,the results of the above studies are summarized and the shortcomings in the research process are prospected.The results show that:?1?Industrial symbiosis and urban symbiosis can bring significant environmental benefits,low-carbon benefits and ecological benefits to cities.Yongcheng gains significant resource decoupling?including 2.37 Mt of cement clinker raw materials and1.07 Mt of coal saving,and 0.43 Mt of municipal solid waste reduction?,4.88 Mtemission reduction and 5.53E+21 sej savings via 29 existing and 10 potential industrial symbiosis and urban symbiosis activities,greatly improving the sustainability of the city.In terms of symbiotic efficiency,theemission reduction efficiency of scrap recycling is the highest?1.46 t?,and the emergy saving efficiency of slag/fly ash is the highest?1.52E+15 sej/t?.?2?Industrial symbiosis and urban symbiosis can significantly reduce the environmental impacts of upstream and downstream from the perspective of life cycle.Effective eight adverse impact reductions can be attained via seventeen symbiosis links in Yongcheng,including 46,632.2 TJ of primary energy,2,675.9 ktof GHG,9,824.5 tof acidification,346.9 t PO43-eq of eutrophication,43.2 tof particulate matter,4,575.5 t 1,4-dichlorobenzene-eq of human toxicity,78,446 t PM2.5eq of respiratory inorganics and 680.3 tof ozone formation potential.?3?The local aggregation level of the Yongcheng symbiosis network is relatively low,and the symbiosis network is still in the development stage.The methanol plant is the core of the symbiosis network.The end enterprises such as breeding plants,glove factories,food plants are less centralized and should be encouraged to actively participate in symbiosis.This study provides important support for industrial symbiosis and urban symbiosis of resource-based cities and their sustainable development.In addition,Yongcheng should establish an information sharing platform and adopting economic means to promote symbiosis,and promote the optimization and upgrading of energy-intensive industries. |
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