Application Of Rapid Detection Technology In Chronic Diseases Induced By Heavy Metal Ions In Petroleum Wastewater

As the blood for modern industry,petroleum plays an important role in various aspects including industrial production and transportation.However,the petroleum pollution generated in the process cannot be ignored.Particularly,the heavy metal ion pollution in petroleum wastewater is one of the most severe pollution in terms of the negative impact.The heavy metal ions are spread into the environment along with the waste water,which are accumulated in the animals and plants,and then go into human body.This will directly or indirectly cause various chronic diseases and put human health in danger.Also,the chronic diseases are not easy to be identified in the early stage and are difficult to be cured in the later stage.With the huge medical expense,it is very important to defect the chronic diseases in the early stage.Therefore,to prevent the chronic diseases caused by heavy metal ion pollution in petroleum wastewater,as well as to rapidly diagnose and treat chronic diseases caused by heavy metal ions,the paper carried out rapid detection of heavy metal ions in petroleum wastewater,developed techniques and methods to cure new diseases caused by heavy metal ions.The specific work is as follows:Firstly,innovative experiments were conducted to synthesize metal nanoclusters specifically identifying heavy metal ions Pb²⁺and Cd²⁺,which were combined with microfluidic chips,and the fluorescent analyzer was used to study the high-throughput,rapid and convenient detection of heavy metal ions Pb²⁺and Cd²⁺in petroleum wastewater.The experiments included:glutathione gold nanoclusters（GSH-AuNCs）and cysteine glutathione gold nanoclusters（Cys-GSH-AuNCs）were synthesized as Pb²⁺and Cd²⁺visualized probes by one-step blending method.Meanwhile,microfluidic detection chips for high throughput and rapid detection of Pb²⁺and Cd²⁺were developed to match the specificity and high sensitivity of Pb²⁺and Cd²⁺.Finally,the above experiments and design studies were verified by the petroleum wastewater collected in the field.The detection range of Pb²⁺and Cd²⁺was 5μM-60μM and 5μM-30μM respectively.The performance of the microfluidic chip was verified by the field collection of petroleum wastewater to verify the performance of the metal nanocluster.The design of microfluidic chip was reasonable,which could realize the high flux and rapid detection of heavy metal ions Pb²⁺and Cd²⁺in petroleum wastewater.Then,aiming at the thrombos is in human blood vessels directly or indirectly caused by Pb²⁺in petroleum wastewater,the characteristics of targeted lesion development by ultrasound contrast agent for thrombus were studied,and a new medical detection method for thrombus detection was developed.Experimental component selection with good biocompatibility of poly lactic acid/glycolic acid copolymer（poly real（lactic-co-glycolic acid）,PLGA）with good biocompatibility was selected as microspheres carrier materials,Liquid fluorocarbon superparamagnetic iron oxide（γ-Fe₂O₃）combined with multiple sites of arginine（R）-glycine（G）-aspartate（D）（RGD）were also loaded on PLGA,which can form amagnetic targeting.The phase transition RGD-γ-Fe₂O₃-PLGA targeted ultrasound microspheres were prepared by double emulsification method.The morphology and particle size of the prepared microspheres were characterized by scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope,and the focused ultrasound development test,biocompatibility test and in vitro targeted test were conducted.The experimental results showed that the particle size of the ultrasonic microspheres targeted with phase change RGD-γ-Fe₂O₃-PLGA was about 396.7nm,the size of the microspheres was uniform,and the dispersion was good,which was conducive to the microspheres entering the targeted cells through the blood vessels.Microspheres can ultrasonic phase change and cause the phase change,the optimal parameters were in continuous ultrasonic model 1.5 w 7 min,or 55℃water bath temperature 6 min,with which phase transformation enhancement effect is the best;Cell Counting kit-8（CCK-8）experiments verified that the microspheres were biocompatible.Laser confocal microscopy proved that the targeting effect of microsphere cells met the detection requirements.The phase change RGD-γ-Fe₂O₃-PLGA targeted ultrasound microspheres prepared in this study have good contrast effect and the characteristics of targeted thrombosis lesions,and have the potential to achieve targeted contrast of thrombosis,providing a new detection technique for early noninvasive detection of thrombosis.Thirdly,for the formation of chronic kidney disease caused by Cd²⁺in petroleum wastewater,the examination aims at the rapid and accurate detection of urinary sediment,which is an important judgment information for the diagnosis of kidney disease.The improved automatic staining system and artificial intelligence（AI）recognition technology are adopted to carry out the improvement research of the automatic urinary sediment analyzer.The results showed that the cell recognition rate and accuracy of the automatic urine sediment analyzer are obviously improved,meaning the type and shape of urinary sediment cells can reflect the pathological changes of renal diseases to some extent.In conclusion,the paper utilized the high-throughput and rapid detection techniques of heavy metal ions Pb²⁺and Cd²⁺in chronic diseases induced by heavy metal ions in petroleum wastewater,and conducts phase-change targeted ultrasound for the detection of heavy metal Pb²⁺-induced thrombotic diseases.The rapid detection of microspheres,rapid detection of heavy metal Cd²⁺-induced kidney disease using AI technology to improve automatic urine sediment analyzer were performed.The application research of these rapid detection technologies is not only important for the chronic diseases induced by heavy metal ions in petroleum wastewater,but also provides new ideas and ways for early detection of chronic diseases.It also provides important reference in the rapid detection of other heavy metal ions and diseases,which also has bright application prospects.