Experimental Study On Coupling Of Earthworm And Vermicompost In The Treatment Of Plateau Summer Vegetable Waste

With the large-scale production of plateau summer vegetables,the number of vegetable waste produced during the harvest,processing,transportation,and sales of net vegetables on the market has increased sharply.These vegetable waste are often abandoned in the field and around the market.During the process of decay,those vegetable wastes produce a foul odor,attract mosquitoes and rodents,and seriously pollute the environment.In this study,earthworms were introduced into the treatment of tail vegetables.Vermicompost was used as an adjunct to adjust the moisture content of the vegetable waste and increase the substrate microbial biomass group.The earthworm biomass,chemical properties of the processing products,the changes in nutrients,and the micro-animal populations were studied,the feasibility and effect of this technique in treating vegetable waste were investigated,and the mechanism of this technique was initially explored from the perspective of the food chain.The aim is to find a new,fast,simple and economical technical method for processing plateau summer vegetable waste,and to provide certain basic data for exploring the mechanism of earthworm-vermicompost coupling treatment technology.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The earthworm has good adaptability to three kinds of vegetables waste.Among them,the cabbage material is the best,and the earthworm's biomass increases the most.The increase in the average biomass of earthworms in each group indicates that the organic matter contained in the vegetable waste can meet the needs of earthworm growth and metabolism,and the earthworm-vermicompost coupling treatment is feasible.(2)The coupled treatment of earthworm and vermicompost can promote the degradation of organic matter in brassica oleracea and cabbage,and has no effect on the degradation of organic matter in baby chinese cabbage.At the end of the experiment,the pH value of the materials would all increase,and the increase rate of the earthworm-vermicompost coupling treatment group was smaller than that of the control group.The EC value of the three treatment groups was significantly higher than that of the control group,which indicated that the product after the earthworm-vermicompost coupling treatment had a higher degree of mineralization than the control group.The earthworm-vermicompost coupling treatment can increase the degradation degree of SWC in the material,reduce sthe active and easily decomposable organic content in the material,and improve the stability of the material.At the same time,this is one of the ways that the earthworm can increase the degradation degree of the organic matter in the material.(3)After the earthwormvermicompost coupling treatment,the cabbage material and baby chinese cabbage material had higher total nitrogen content compared with the control group,but the effect of this treatment on the total nitrogen content of brassica oleracea material was not obvious.The ammonium nitrogen content of the three vegetable waste material treatment groups was significantly lower than the control group,and the nitrate nitrogen content was significantly higher than the control group.After three kinds of vegetable waste materials were treated by earthworm-vermicompost coupling,the products of the treatment group had higher contents of available phosphorus and available potassium than the control group,which increased the potential of the treated products as agricultural organic fertilizer.(4)Only two Nematodes and Arcella were detected in this study,and the rest of the miniature animals were not detected.The earthworm-vermicompost coupling treatment can significantly inhibit the Nematode reproduction and growth in the material.Nematodes are not only participants in the decomposition of organic matter,but also components of organic matter.Earthworms may inhibit the number of Nematodes through food competition and predation,which is one of the reasons why the degradation of organic matter in the treatment group is higher than that in the control group.In addition,the change of pH in the material environment in this study did not affect the growth and reproduction of Nematodes,which indicated that the Nematodes in the vegetable system had some adaptability to the alkaline environment.There was no significant difference in the number of Arcella in the control group of each material compared with the treatment group,indicating that the presence of earthworms in the treatment group had no significant effect on the growth of Arcella in the material.In addition,the pH of the material environment in this study The changes did not affect the growth and reproduction of the beetle,which may be related to the hard outer shell of the Arcella itself being able to withstand external mechanical shock and harsh environments.The experimental results show that earthworm-vermicompost coupling treatment technology is feasible,and the processed product has higher mineralization and stability than the control group,and has higher potential as an agricultural organic fertilizer.In addition,through research on the changes in the population and quantity of micro-animals,it is found that the Nematode is a participant in organic matter decomposition and a component of the organic matter in the earthworm-vermicompost coupling technology.Earthworms will reduce the number of nematodes through activities such as predation and secretion,thereby increasing their contribution to the degradation of organic matter in the material.