Research On Livestock And Poultry's Waste Disposal And Compensation Mechanism Based On UTAUT Model

Animal husbandry is an important part of China's agriculture,and it is also the main cause of Chinese agricultural non-point source pollution.With the rapid development of livestock and poultry breeding industry,the problem of excrement pollution is becoming more and more serious.In 2017,the production of livestock and poultry wastes was about 3.818 billion tons,which was an increase of 566 million tons compared with the data of the first national census of pollution sources in 2010 of 3.252 billion tons.Among them,the chemical oxygen demand was about 10.810 million tons,the total nitrogen and total phosphorus emissions were 853600 tons and 133700 tons respectively,which not only posed a serious threat to the ecological environment,brought great pressure on environmental governance,but also affected farmers' production and living quality and the sustainable development and industrial transformation of livestock and poultry breeding industry.Resource utilization of livestock and poultry wastes is the fundamental way to control fecal pollution.In recent years,although the country has successively issued a series of policies and regulations on pollution control and manure resource utilization,until 2017,the comprehensive utilization rate of livestock and poultry wastes was only 60%,which is still low in general.To some extent,the effectiveness of the existing policies has been limited,and the actual policy effect is far from the target.Farmers are the most direct disposers of livestock and poultry wastes,and also the most basic and huge micro subject in the livestock and poultry farming.Improving the production behaviors of farmers from the source and guiding them to treat and utilize animal wastes is a powerful way to solve the excrement pollution and promote the ecological development of livestock and poultry breeding.However,due to the nature and non-excludability of public goods for livestock and poultry wastes treatment,farmers lack the inherent motivation for waste resource treatment and environmental protection.Many scholars have pointed out that only by making full use of government's ecological compensation policy can we better mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers in resourcebased waste treatment,improve the positive externality and realize the green transformation.Therefore,based on the logic of "Study of Environmental Impact-Assessment of Potential Value-Analysis of Disposal Behavior-Estimation of Willingness to Accept Compensation-Discussion of Compensation Standards-Construction of Compensation Mechanism" of livestock and poultry wastes treatment,this paper systematically analyzes farmers' wastes disposal methods and willingness,and on this basis,estimates ecological compensation standard and designs the compensation mechanism,with a view to provide effective suggestions and references for government governance.The main content of this paper is divided into five parts.The first part is based on national statistical data,which mainly introduces the development of livestock and poultry breeding,the current situation of livestock and poultry wastes discharge and environmental impact,and estimates the potential value of its resource treatment;The second part mainly reveals the current status of wastes disposal of farmers based on field survey data,and analyzes their behavior characteristics and the main influencing factors by using UTAUT model and disordered multi-class logit regression;The third part studies farmers' three kinds of willingness of livestock and poultry wastes recycling in different degrees,and further identifies the main reasons that affect their subjective willingness and capital investment willingness of waste recycling based on UTAUT model and dualistic logit regression;In the fourth part,farmers' willingness to accept compensation for livestock and poultry waste recycling is discussed and estimated based on contingent valuation method and Heckman two-stage selection model,meanwhile,the main factors influencing farmers' willingness and expected level of compensation are analyzed with UTAUT model as the research framework;The fifth part is on the basis of the previous research,based on a comprehensive analysis of the factors that affect farmers' willingness and behaviors for waste recycling and ecological compensation,combined with the preference description of compensation willingness and the estimated results of compensation standards,referring to the research conclusions of previous scholars and the actual situation of China,designs the ecological compensation mechanism for the resource treatment of livestock and poultry waste from the basic ideas and principles,basic framework,supporting measures and guarantee.Through the systematic research and demonstration in this paper,some meaningful conclusions have been reached: the environmental pollution of livestock and poultry waste in China is serious,but its potential value of resource utilization is huge,the value space and development prospect for fertilizer utilization and energy utilization are very considerable;However,at this stage,the level of resource treatment of livestock and poultry wastes is very low,and the relevant knowledge and technology for resource utilization are also lacking in promotion and application,and livestock and poultry wastes utilization is still in a stage of low efficiency;Most of the farmers have the willingness to dispose of the waste by recycling,but it is difficult to change the consideration to practical action due to economic pressure.However,the government ecological compensation can effectively make up for farmers' recycling cost and encourage them to take environment-friendly actions;Farmers' willingness to accept compensation and the expected level of compensation are affected by performance expectancy,effort expectancy,social influence,facilitating conditions,individual characteristics and farming characteristics,and the expected value of compensation for livestock and poultry wastes recycling treatment is 98.02 yuan / month / household after eliminating the sample selectivity bias;To construct the ecological compensation mechanism,we need to integrate the efforts of economy,administration,law,technology and culture,adhere to the basic principles of fairness,inclusiveness,diversity,timeliness,differentiation,transparency,market regulation and government guidance,clarify the subject and object of compensation,determine compensation scope,enrich compensation forms,expand the sources of funds,refine the compensation standards and pricing methods,further improve the related compensation regulations,and at the same time,we need to supplement the relevant laws,policies and regulations,set up and optimize the organization and management system,increase education and social supervision,and carry out technical research and demonstration project,further strengthen security in various aspects,and implement supporting measures.