Preparation And Properties Of Oleophilic And Hydrophobic Sponge And Textile Fabric

With the rapid development of the economy of China as well as the whole world,all kinds of oil spills and the discharge of oily wastewater have increased the oil pollution on both water and the ecological environment,which thus intensified great harm to mankind.In order to protect the ecological environment and prevent the oil pollution of our country and the world,the applications of oil adsorbents with high efficiency and oil/water separation materials become a top priority,which has a great practical significance and scientific research value.Oil-adsorbing materials should have excellent superhydrophobic and superoleophobic properties,high oil adsorption ability,great oil-keeping capacity and oil recoverbility,also with great recyclability and biodegradability.Membrane-based oil/water separation material should have high efficiency of oil/water separation.However,the existing oil-adsorbing materials have their drawbacks in the oil adsorption capacity and oil recyclability as well as other aspects.Meanwhile,the water separation membranes also have their drawbacks in the oil-water separation abilities.All of the above drawbacks limit their practical applications.Thus,based on these problems,this study used melamine sponge and textile fabric as the basic materials.By using dip coating and one-step solvent thermal polymerization method for the modification,high-efficient oil adsorbents（modified melamine sponge）and oil-water separation membranes（modified textile fabric）were fabricated in this study.The hydrophobic and lipophilic PDOP/PDVB/sponge composite materials were synthesized by a one-pot impregnation method.The materials were characterized by thermogravimetry,SEM,fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,N₂ adsorption and desorption,and contact angle.The materials were subjected to oil/water separation experiments and the adsorption of volatile organic compounds.The results show that the hydrophobic lipophilic sponge has superior selective adsorption,great oil-water separation efficiency and reusability.The sample can selectively adsorb various organic substances and oils in a complex environment.The oil can be quickly recovered by squeezing the modified sponge,and the saturated adsorption capacity can reach 24 to 56 g/g.Liquid organic matter is volatile into the atmospheric environment when it leaks,endangering human health.The static adsorption capacity of gaseous toluene reached 1.71 g/g,which was 5.7,5.4,3.2 and 14.3 times of activated carbon,MCM-41,SBA-15 and ZSM-5,respectively.The penetration time for dynamic toluene is 390 min,which is 65 times that of the modifier alone.The preparation method is simple and does not need highly corrosive,expensive chemicals.The super-hydrophobic sponges have high reusability and wide application.Our study provides not only a promising material for oil-spill cleaning and wastewater treatment for organic contaminants,but also a new concept for the combination of oil/water separation and air pollution control.At the same time,a super-hydrophobic lipophilic textile fabric was prepared by a one-step solvothermal polymerization method.The combination of the layered structure and low surface energy molecules makes the fabric superhydrophobic and superoleophilic.Experiments demonstrated that the as-prepared textile not only can be applied as effective membrane materials for the separation of oil and water mixtures,but also can be used as a bag for the selective oil adsorption from water.Thus,such superhydrophobic and superoleophilic textile is a very promising material for the application of oil spill cleanup and industrial oily wastewater treatment.