| In the karst areas,vegetation coverage decreases,the rate of soil and water loss accelerates,large areas of bedrock are exposed to leakage,the trend of reverse ecosystem succession is severe and irreversible,and the rocky desertification and the destruction of ecosystem become more and more serious.Optimal allocation of forest-grass and the healthy breeding of pigs are the key parts of grassland animal husbandry and an effective way to solve the survival pressure of farmers in rocky desertification areas.The organic combination of optimal allocation of forest-grass and healthy pig breeding can effectively alleviate socio-economic contradictions,human-land conflicts and resource and environment conflicts in karst rocky desertification areas,improve vegetation coverage,reduce soil erosion,increase species diversity,improve residents’ disposable income and reduce unemployment.It is an important measure to effectively control the rocky desertification in karst areas by adopting modern green ecological industry model combining optimal allocation of forest-grass with healthy pig breeding and the accurate technical monitoring method.According to the principles of natural geography,biology,soil science,agronomy,botany,biochemistry,physiology,ecology,nutriology and so on,combined with a series of systematic principles,technologies and methods,based on ecological restoration theory,ecological breeding theory,coupling effect theory,regional economic theory and sustainable development theory as the theoretical basis.In 2017-2020,the karst plateau mountain Bijie Salaxi potential-mild rocky desertification demonstration area and the karst plateau canyon Zhenfeng-Huajiang medium-intensity rocky desertification demonstration area are taken as research areas.By adopting research methods such as literature analysis method,indoor and outdoor experimental analysis method,comprehensive analysis method,investigation analysis method,quantitative and qualitative analysis,correlation analysis,single factor variance analysis and other research methods.By screening suitable economic forest and forage for different proportion of unicast and mixed sowing to study the mechanisation,mechanism,technology and demonstration and demonstration validation.The following conclusions were drawn:(1)To explore the characteristics of fresh grass and hay yield changes in the procces of forest-grass optimal allocation by univariate anova.On the basis of walnut forest,Bijie Salaxi karst plateau selected the best allocation method of forage(Juglans)that meets the proper conditions and healthy pig breeding: perennial ryegrass(Lolium perenne),white clover(Trifolium repens),and cocksfoot(Dactylisglomerata)for unicast and mixed sowing configuration experiments.The highest yield of fresh grass is the combination of white clover + perennial ryegrass(3: 2),which is 9458.2 kg/hm2,and the lowest is the combination of white clover + perennial ryegrass(2: 3),which is only 6716.5 kg/hm2.The highest yield of hay is cocksfoot with 2452.1 kg/hm2,and the lowest is white clover with 1177.7 kg/hm2.Based on the natural background of rocky desertification and the original economic forest(plum trees)(Prunus cerasifera Ehrh)in the Guanling-Zhenfeng Huajiang demonstration area.Suitable forage alfalfa(Medicago sativa),chicory(Cichorium intybus),and golden buckwheat(Fagopyrum dibotrys)were selected to conduct unicast and mix sowing configuration tests,the highest yield of fresh grass was golden buckwheat with 60446 kg/hm2 and the lowest was alfalfa with 10858 kg/hm2.The highest yield of hay was golden buckwheat with 9083.73 kg/hm2 and the lowest was alfalfa + chicory(3: 2)with 1530.8 kg/hm2.(2)There are significant differences in forage nutrients under different forest-grass optimal allocation methods.There are significant differences in three forages nutritional composition among the different sowing methods under the walnut tree.The Moisture,CP,Lignin,NFC,K,P,and Ca contents of white clover are significantly higher than those of other forages(P<0.05),whereas Ash,NDF and ADF of white clover contents are significantly lower than those of other combinations(P<0.05),indicating it’s better nutritional value.No significant difference is found among the three combinations under the three mixed sowing modes(P<0.05).There are some differences in the nutritional composition of the three forages under the plum tree.Moisture content of alfalfa unicast is significantly lower than that of other forages(P< 0.05),while the nutrition content of DM,Ash,CP,Ca and ADF is significantly higher than that of chicory,gold buckwheat,and alfalfa + chicory in three mixed sowing methods(P< 0.05).Among the three kinds of mixed sowing,the higher the content of alfalfa,the higher the content of CP.The overall effect of alfalfa + chicory(2: 3)was poor compared with the other two mixed sowing.(3)In karst rocky desertification areas,"breeding pigs with grass" by using natural grassland and artificially planting grassland can promote the improvement of fragile habitat of rocky desertification.Meanwhile,it takes into account the social and economic development of rural areas,and realizes the coupling of peasant households’ poverty alleviation and ecological construction,and sustainable social and economic development."Breeding pigs with grass" in rocky desertification areas can significantly increase the disposable income of farmers within one to two years,this area is blessed with excellent natural grassland resources and a climatic habitat for artificial grassland planting,"breeding pigs with grass" has huge potential advantages and considerable market prospect benefits.The organic combination of forest-grass optimizes the allocation of different models,providing a material basis for the production and life of forest farmers,and driving the chain reaction of agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry,sub-industry and related industries,in the final analysis,the organic combination of ecological,economic,and social benefits is achieved.(4)There have different responses in the daily weight gain and the weight gain cost among different forage combinations in the optimal allocation of forest-grass,the demonstration effect is obvious.Caiwan pig breeding demonstration site of potential-mild rocky desertification control demonstration area.The weight-increasing cost of pigs ranged from large to small was control group 7(3.72 yuan /kg)> test group 3(2.89 yuan /kg)> test group 6(2.85 yuan /kg)> test group 2(2.81 yuan /kg)> test group 4(2.77 yuan /kg)> test group 1(2.72 yuan /kg)> test group 5(2.71 yuan /kg).From the perspective of economic benefits and weight gain costs,the control group 7 had the highest weight gain cost,while the test group 5 had the lowest weight gain cost.Compared with the control group 7,the feed cost could save 96.63 yuan,the average per pig could save 16.11 yuan,and the weight gain cost could save 1.01 yuan/kg.Ren Wansong pig breeding demonstration site of medium-intensity rocky desertification control demonstration area.The weight-increasing cost of pigs ranged from large to small was control group 7(3.83 yuan /kg)> test group 1(2.90 yuan /kg)> test group 6(2.84 yuan /kg)> test group 3(2.83 yuan /kg)> test group 2(2.81 yuan /kg)> test group 4(2.77 yuan /kg)> test group 5(2.74 yuan /kg).In terms of economic benefit and weight gain cost,the control group 7 had the highest weight gain cost,while the test group 5 had the lowest weight gain cost.Compared with the control group 7,the feed cost could save 96.25 yuan,the average per pig could save 16.04 yuan,and the weight gain cost could save 1.06 yuan /kg.(5)Implementation of targeted forest-grass optimal allocation methods based on different rocky desertification backgrounds has a positive effect on rocky desertification vegetation restoration,forest-grass community ecological stability,water conservation,water and fertilizer conservation.Breeding pigs with grass can improve the forest-grass ecosystem,promote vegetation growth,and improve the flavor and quality of pork.Feeding pigs with mixed-seeding forages optimized for forestgrass,which reduced feed consumption by 33%,the survival rate of pigs was maintained at about 96%,and the disposable income of farmers increased significantly.The utilization ratio of forest-grass resources should be improved in the promotion of karst ecological animal husbandry,combining the value of natural forest and artificial grassland,constructing modern healthy breeding pig production pattern of "forage resources as auxiliary+ feed-oriented ".Optimal allocation of forest-grass and healthy breeding of pigs can promote the ecological and regional economic leap in karst rocky desertification areas,which is of great value to the promotion of precision poverty alleviation work in poor counties and districts.In the future,it is necessary to integrate the existing forest-grass resources to develop large-scale,mechanized healthy breeding pigs,and build the brand effect of healthy pig breeding. |
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