Sowing Date And Basic Seedlings For Late-sown Wheat Yield And Nitrogen Uptake And Utilization In Huaibei And The Impact Of Quality

The rice-wheat two-crop system is the main agricultural system for ensuring food security in Huaibei area of Jiangsu Province.In recent years,with the large-scale application of rice cultivation and simple cultivation methods such as direct seeding,machine insertion,and the popularization of the total amount of straw returning,the rice field has been scaled up.The continuous increase of rice planting and maturity is delayed,and the agricultural consumption time is prolonged,making it difficult for wheat to be planted at the right time.The area of late-sown wheat is continuously expanding,which seriously affects wheat yield,quality and planting efficiency.In order to provide theoretical and technical support for high-quality and high-yield production of wheat in Huaibei region.In this study,the main planting variety Xumai 33 was used as the material.Under the condition of late sowing,different sowing dates and basic seedlings were combined to study the effects of different sowing dates and basic seedlings under late sowing conditions on the formation of wheat yield,nitrogen uptake and utilization,wheat grain quality.The main results are as follows:1.Under the late sowing condition,the wheat yield decreased significantly with the delay of sowing date.The yield of different basic seedlings in the same sowing period increased first and then decreased with the increase of basic seedlings,the difference reached a significant level.With the sowing date delayed,the higher the appropriate basic seedlings needed to obtain the highest yield.Among them,the sowing date(month/day)was 10/26,11/6,11/16,and 11/26,respectively.The suitable basic seedlings for high-yield wheat cultivation were 3 million/hm2,3.6 million/hm2,and 4.2 million/hm2,respectively.And 4.2 million/hm2,the highest output can reach 7313.62 kg/hm2.The composition factors of different treatment yields showed that with the delay of sowing date,the number of panicles per unit area decreased significantly,the number of grains per panicle increased first and then decreased,and the 1000-grain weight increased significantly.Under the same seeding stage,the number of panicles per unit area increased significantly.The number and the 1000-grain weight are significantly reduced.The yield components of the high-yielding population were 560-6 million panicles per hectare,31-33 grains per panicle and 41-43 grams of 1000-grain weight.2.The effects of sowing date and basic seedlings on the growth process and growth of wheat in late-warning wheat in Huaibei are as follows:with the delay of sowing date,growth period and maturity of wheat are delayed,the number of fertility days is shortened,and the emergence period is mainly delayed.And the number of days of seeding and emergence,the other major growth periods and the number of birth days gradually approached with the progress of the fertility process;the basic seedlings have little effect on the growth period of wheat and the number of days in the growth stage.With the delay of the sowing date,the plant height,ear length,total inter node length,base first and second inter node length and their proportion of total inter node length decreased significantly,and the effect of basic seedlings was reversed.The delay of the period,the number of stems,the final number of panicles and leaf area of wheat population decreased significantly,and the rate of ear formation increased significantly.The increase of basic seedlings significantly increased the number of stems,the number of panicles and the leaf area of different growth stages,but the stems became The ear rate decreased significantly,and the leaf area increased rapidly.The total dry matter accumulation in the wheat population and the dry matter accumulation in the main growth stage decreased significantly with the delay of the sowing date,and the dry matter accumulation from sowing to jointing stage was observed.The decline is larger,and the difference between the middle and the late is smaller.The increase of basic seedlings significantly increases the dry matter accumulation and proportion of wheat from sowing to jointing stage.The dry matter accumulation and total dry matter accumulation after flowering are firstly increased with the increase.3.The total nitrogen accumulation in wheat during the whole growth period decreased with the delay of sowing date,and increased first and then decreased with the increase of basic seedlings.The nitrogen uptake and nitrogen uptake ratio of the stage showed that the seedlings increased with the increase of basic seedlings.The increase from jointing to flowering increased first and then decreased with the increase of basic seedlings,and the flowering gradually decreased with the increase of basic seedlings.With the delay of the sowing date,the re-transport and contribution rate of nitrogen stored in the vegetative organs decreased before flowering.With the increase of basic seedlings,the re-transport of nitrogen stored in the vegetative organs before flowering increased first and then decreased,and the contribution rate was The decrease of nitrogen transport and contribution rate after flowering increased with the delay of sowing date,and decreased with the increase of basic seedlings.The nitrogen harvest index of wheat population increased first and then decreased with the increase of basic seedlings.With the delay of the sowing date,the nitrogen partial productivity and nitrogen absorption efficiency decreased significantly with the delay of the sowing date,and increased first and then decreased with the increase of the basic seedling.4.The bulk density,hardness and flour yield of wheat decreased significantly with the delay of sowing date,and increased with the increase of basic seedlings.The difference of bulk density and flour yield was not significant,and the difference in hardness reached a significant level.The content of wet gluten in wheat was delayed with the sowing date.With the increase of basic seedlings,the dough formation time,dough stabilization time and sedimentation value increased significantly with the delay of sowing date,and gradually decreased with the increase of basic seedlings,but the difference between early sowing treatments was not significant.Delayed sowing and increased basic seedlings increased grain protein content;with the increase of basic seedlings,total starch and amylopectin content showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing,and amylose and branch/straight ratio increased;with the delay of sowing date,Total amylose and amylopectin increased significantly,amylose decreased,and the ratio of branch/straight ratio increased.