Morphological Evaluation Of Hawthorn Germplasm Resources And Identification Of Suspected Resources

In order to identify,evaluate and utilize Hawthorn germplasm resources and to discover excellent germplasms,and to prove some nebulous Hawthorn germplasm resources over the years,this study evaluated and analyzed the specific flowering period and the basic characteristics of flowers,leaves and fruits of 260 Hawthorn germplasm resources,which were mainly preserved in the Hawthorn nursery of Shenyang,a national fruit germplasm.Thirty-nine suspected Hawthorn resources were compared and analyzed in three aspects.The main results are as follows:(1)Flowering period of Fu Hawthorn and Wild large-fruited Chinese hawthorn 50 are earlier than others,such as early-maturing large-fruited Chinese hawthorn,Zuofu 2,Shennong Fu Hawthorn 1,4-7 hadym,etc.The main varieties(strains)with late flowering stage are pinnation hawthorn varieties with big fruit,such as Xiaotangqiu-5-6,Xiaojinxing-5-8,Yinyeling 9-5-1,etc.(2)The petals color of 260 resources were white.There were 258 single petals and 2 double petals(Pingyi Yinhong Zi-3-2 and Taian Shiliu-4-5).There were 211 round petals and 49 oval petals.There were 255 green leaves,4 light green leaves(Magang Dajinxing-4-13,Muhuli-4-3,Wulinghong-5-6 and Yepu 4-5-5),and 1 thick green leaf was Yidu Changkou-4-8.There were 245 fine sawtooth,13 rough sawtooth and 2 heavy sawtooth(Wulinghong-3-5 and Xinbin Ruanzi-3-6).There were 239 smooth hairless hairs,19 rare hairs,1 densely short hairs,nameless 5-4 and 1 densely long hairs,Yepu 4-5-5.There were 237 red peels,17 orange red peels and 6 yellow peels(1113-Xiaohuang Mianzha-3-3,Dahuang-5-3,Huangguo-2-7,Xingshiliu(Huangguo)-2-9,Muhuli-4-3 and Yepu 6-5-6).There were 194 enlarged infarcts and 66 tumors on one side.In sepal state,228 were persistent,31 were residual,and one was droped,Magang Zaohong-2-7.There were 250 triangle shape,4 lanceolate shape(Fense-4-5,Numberable hadym-4-3,Qiujinxing-4-2 and Qiuli-2-6),and 6 tongue shape(1113-Xiaohuang Mianzha-3-3,Fenli-3-1,Fushan Tieqiu-3-9,Jiahuang-3-8,Liaoning 10-4-6 and Muhuli-4-3).In the shape of calyx tube,there were 203 funnel-shaped ones,4 near-circular ones(Pingyi Yinhongzi-3-2,Tongliaohong-3-10,Wanbaodi Snahlihong-3-6 and Wanbaodi Shisheng 4-5-3),and 53 conical ones.Number of seed nuclei was 5 in 233,4 in 26,and 3 in 1(Xingshiliu(Huangguo)-2-9).There were 255 hard nuclei without pits,4 hard nuclei with pits(Numberable hadym-4-3,Liaoning 10-4-6,Muhuli-4-3 and hubei 5-2-7)and only one soft nucleus with soft nuclei was Kaiyuan Ruanzi-3-9.(3)The basic characters of Hawthorn germplasm resources are closely related and show significant or extremely significant correlation.Statistical analysis of phenotypic description showed that the coefficient of variation of kernel rate was the largest,up to 39.87%,and the lowest was edible rate,which was only 4.28%.From the principal component analysis of Hawthorn basic traits related to Hawthorn high yield,it can be concluded that the cumulative contribution rate of the first three principal components is 62.56%,and the total eigenvalue is 6.256.(4)Only one group of Hawthorn resources of five combinations was distinguished,and six groups of 19 combinations were suspected to be the same species resource and proved,which provided to be convenient for the management and collection of Hawthorn resources in the future.