| BackgroundOppositional defiant children are abnormal in behavior and emotion.Many studies have analyzed the causes of children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder(ODD).Family factors are highly correlated with each other,but few studies are based on the concept of family as a whole.Family factors also cover all aspects related to the family,and regard the individual’s family as a system called family system view.From the function and structure of the family system to understand the individual behavior meaning in the interaction among family members,the internal structure and function of the disordered family system will directly cause the children’s bad mood,even the deviation behavior such as leaving school also affects the formation of children’s personality.The psychological and behavioral problems of children are the result of the interaction of family members.This research focuses on the family relationship and the relationship between parenting styles and children’s symptoms of ODD,and the relationship between them.Understanding the patterns of family relationship and making some adaptive changes in the family relationship model can eliminate or mitigate the problem behaviors of ODD children,so it is particularly important to explore the children’s living environment and interactive ways in the family.ObjectiveTo explore the factors affecting the general family situation of children with ODD.The characteristics of psychological behavior of children with ODD compared with normal children provide the basis for intervention methods for children with ODD.MethodsThe case group was selected from the Department of Psychiatry of the Eighth People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou City from August 2016 to January 2017.The outpatients and inpatients were in accordance with the guidelines of the American Psychiatric Association(APA)《The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM》Version V DSM-V ODD diagnostic criteria,44 patients.In the control group,students were selected from grades 2-6 of a school in Zhengzhou city,and stratified sampling was conducted according to the patient’s grade.Then,students were randomly selected 50 normal control subjects in each grade.The investigators are required an objective and true answer,meanwhile they will fill out the scoring methods and the requirements of questionnaires;Possible problems shouldbe introduced clearly to the investigators so that they can fully understand before beginning to fill in;After filling out the complete recovery,then check the integrity of the fill,if there is any omission to explain,they should fill in again.The parents fill out the questionnaires sent to each student by the class headmaster,and the questionnaires should be completed by parents and recovered a week later.All parents were asked to fill in the general questionnaire(self-designed),Achenbach children’s Behavior Inventory(CBCL),and the children’s Family Environment Inventory(FES-CV)and the parental education style Assessment Scale(EMBU).For all the data collected in the Windows XP platform,this research establish a database using SPSS21.0 for statistical analysis through EXCEL.Results1.The comparison showed that ODD children group and the control group of general information,father’s education level(x2=-6.005,P=0.000),mother’s education level(x2=-5.578,P=0.000),family income(t=-4.085,P=0.000),score lower than the control group,there were significant differences(P<0.001),however,the level of children’s academic performance(x2 =-4.475,P=0.000),ODD group children’s score was significantly higher than the control group children,the difference was significant(P<0.001);Including their father’s age,the mother’s age,and the time of their parents accompanying them,even the time of children alone,there is no significant difference(P>0.05).2.The children in the ODD group had poor social interaction(t=4.554,P=0.000),compulsive symptoms(t=3.753,P=0.000),social withdrawal behaviors(t=3.050,P=0.001),hyperactivity(t=4.539,P=0.000),aggressive activities(t=4.125,P=0.000),and discipline violation factor(t=-3.677,P=0.000).The scores were all significantly higher than those in the control group(t=2.799,P=0.001),including the depression factor(t=3.094,P=0.003),the scores were higher than those in the control group,the difference was great significant(P<0.05);However,there was no significant difference in the occurrence of body complaint between the control group and the control group(P>0.05);ODD group of children in male(t=3.526,P=0.001)scores higher than the control group,there were significant differences(P<0.001),ODD group of male children have poor communication(t=2.999,P=0.005),compulsive behaviors(t=2.212,P=0.032),social withdrawal activities(t=2.193,P=0.034);ODD children scores higher than that of the control group,there was significant difference(P<0.05),but there is no significant difference(P>0.05)in schizoid,depression,somatic complaints,discipline between them;ODD children in depression group of female(t=4.034,P=0.000),bad communication(t=4.792,P=0.000),hyperactivity(t=3.650,P=0.001),attack(t=4.989,P=0.000),(t=4.130,P=0.000),discipline score higher than the control group,therefore,there were significant differences(P<0.001);But there was no significant difference between male and female CBCL in ODD children group and control group(P>0.05).3.The scores of ODD knowledge(t=-2.700,P=0.008),recreational(t=-2.285,P=0.025)and moral religious view(t=-1.984,P=0.050)were lower in the children’s family environment scale than those in the control group;The difference was significant(P<0.05);There was no significant difference between male in ODD group and the male in control group(P>0.05),the scores of female family cohesion(t=-2.482,P=0.017),knowledge(t=-2.073,P=0.044)and moral religious view(t=-3.028,P=0.004)in ODD children group were lower than those in control group,the difference was significant(P<0.05),yet the contradictory(t=2.180,P=0.034)was higher than that of the control group,the difference was significant(P<0.05),there was no great significance by comparison of ODD family environment scale between male and female.The scores of male contradiction(t=2.535,P=0.015)and control(t=2.014,P=0.050)in the control group were higher than those in the female group,the difference was significant(P<0.05).4.Father’s emotional warmth and understanding in rearing styles of parents for children in ODD group(t=-3.405,P=0.001)score lower than that of the control group,there were significant differences(P<0.001),but referring to the father’s preference(t=-2.850,P=0.005),mother’s emotional warmth and understanding(t=-2.203,P=0.030),the scores in ODD group were lower than that of the control group,the difference was significant(P<0.05);However,his father punished severely,overly interfered,refused to deny even overprotected and his mother overly interfered,and refused to deny,therefore,there was no significant difference in the severe punishment of her mother(P>0.05).In the ODD children group and the control children group,the father was emotionally warm in the’ comparison between the male and the female children(t =-2.545,P = 0.019),the father preferred the subjects(t=-2.989,P= 0.005),the scores were lower than that of the control group,the difference was significant(P<0.05),while the two groups of men in contrast to the father’s emotional warmth and understanding,father’s punishment,father’s preference to be tried,father’s over-protection,and the mother’s emotional warmth and understanding,excessive interference with mother,mother refused to deny,mother’s severe punishment,mother’s preference was tested,there is no significant difference(P>0.05).In the compari-son between the two female groups,the punishment of the father was severe and overprotected,and the mother was warm and warmly understood,overly interfered with the excessive protection,and the mother refused to deny,eventhough the mother punished severely and preferred the subjects,there is also no significant.(P>0.05),In contrast to the two groups of female of father’s emotional warmth and understanding(t=-2.111,P=0.040),and mother’s emotional warmth and understanding(t=-2.143,P =0.037),which was lower than the control group of male,the difference was significant(P<0.05);However,the father punished severely,over-interfered,preferred subjects,over-protection,and the father refused to deny,and the mother’s warmth and understanding,over-interfered in excessive protection,even the mother refused to deny,punished severely,the difference was insignificant(P>0.05).There was no significant difference in parental rearing patterns in ODD children(P>0.05).5.CBCL,r=-0.339,r=0.239,r=-0.292 and r=-0.349 were related to intimacy,contradiction,knowledge and moral religious view in split sample and family environment scale;Depression and intimacy,emotional expression,contradiction,knowledge,entertain?ment,morality,religious view,organizational correlation coefficient r=-0.429,r=-0.222,r=0.294,r=-0.337,r=-0.222,r=-0.389,r=-0.210;Bad association with intimacy,independence,success,knowledge,morality,religion,organization correlation coefficient r=-0.352,r=-0.211,r=-0.209,r=-0.352,r=-0.401,r=-0.247;The correlation coefficients between obsessive and intimacy,emotional expression,knowledge and moral religion are r=-0.287,r=-0.221,r=-0.275,r=-0.362;r=-0.333,r=-0.254,r=0.295,r=-0.288 and r=-0.391 are related to intimacy,emotional expression,contradiction,knowledge and moral religion view;The correlation coefficients between social withdrawal and intimacy,knowledge,moral religion were r=-0.334,r=-0.321,r=-0.371;The correlation coefficients of hyperactivity and intimacy,knowledge,entertainment,morality and religion view are r=-0.331,r=-0.381,r=-0.223,r=-0.289;the correlation coefficients of aggressiveness and intimacy,contradiction,knowledge,morality and religion view are r=-0.384,r=0.225,r=-0.366,r=-0.355;The correlation coefficient between discipline and intimacy,knowledge,morality and religion was r=-0.253,r=-0.286,r =-0.308.The above correlation coefficient corresponds to the P value(P<0.05).6.The correlation coefficients of F2,F5 and M1 in the CBCL scale and the parental education scale were r=0.23 7,r=0.270,r=-0.240;the correlation coefficent of depression and F1,F2,F5 in EMBU are r=-0.211,r=0.209,r=0.237;Its coefficient between bad communication and F2,F5 and M1 was r=0.234,r= 0.245,r= 0.300;and its compulsion and F2,F5 was r=0.258,r=0.248;The body complaint and F5 correlation coefficient was r=0.248;The correlation coefficient between social withdrawal and F2,F5 was r= 0.284,r=0.279;and the correlation coefficients between multiple hyperactivity and F1,F2,F5,M1 and M4 were r=-0.242,r= 0.269,r= 0.203,r= 0.348 and r= 0.250.The above correlation coefficient corresponds to the P value(P<0.05).Conclusion1.In this study,children with ODD had poorer academic performance than normal children,which may be caused by the abnormal behavior of ODD children and the low parents’ educational level.2.In the ODD group,the CBCL scale was characterized by introversion,social withdrawal,poor communication,inappropriate extraversion,hyperactivity,aggression and so on,especially the female students.3.Parental intimacy,knowledge,entertaining,moral and religious beliefs,parents’emotional warmth and understanding and contradiction are related to the abnormal behavior of children with ODD.Family atmosphere and dysfunctional interaction and exchange Pattern may be a risk factor for the formation of ODD.4.1n ODD children’s families,higher conflict,severe punishment,refusal,denial,emotional abuse and lower intimacy were significantly related to children’s behaviors. |
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