Effects On The Growth Performance,Learning And Memory Skills And Antioxidant Activity Of Mice By The Extraction From Fermented Peanut Meal

Part 1: Effects on the organ index and lipid metabolism and cognition and antioxidant activity of aged female rats by the extraction from fermented peanut mealObjective: By gavage administration with different doses of fermentation product of peanut meal(PM)and induced aging model by D-galactose,we observed the effects of fermented PM on organ index and lipid metabolism and cognition and antioxidant activity in aging rats,and investigated the safety and physiological function on aging rats,and then provided a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of the disease and the exploitation and utilization of peanut meal resources.Method: Mice were randomly allocated to normal group(N),aging model group(M),low dose group(FL),middle dose group(FM),high dose group(FH)and positive control group(Y).D-galactose was performed in each group to induce aging model except group N.Group N is performed with saline by intraperitoneal injection.At the same time,mice were intragastrically administered with different substances.Group N and group M were intervened with saline;Group FL,FM and FH were intervened with different dose of fermented PM;and group Y with vitamin E.(1)The body weight of rats were recorded weekly;(2)Learning and memory skills were performed by the Morris Water Maze(MWM)test after 8 weeks;(3)The superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity and malondialdehyde(MDA)content in serum and brain were detected by kit assays,and the serum indexes were detected by automatic biochemical analyzer;(4)The hippocampus was taken for fixation,embedding,paraffin sections to observe the histological changes by HE staining.The protein expression of GABAR1 and NMDAR2 B were detected by immunohistochemistry methods.Result: 1.Model evaluation: Results showed that the serum SOD activity in group M(312.475±15.019 U/m L)was significantly lower than group N(341.678±16.727 U/m L),the content of MDA(15.183±0.714 mmol/m L)was significantly higher than group N(8.557±0.613 mmol/m L),indicating that the model was successful.2.Organ index and lipid metabolism:(1)During the experiment,the average body weight of rats in group FM and FH was increased by 7.99% and 12.18% respectively.(2)There were no significant difference in liver index and spleen index among rats in each group(P>0.05).The thymus index of group M was decreased significantly than group N(P<0.05).The group FM,FH and group Y had a remarkable increase in thymus index of mice than group M(P<0.05).(3)Compared with the group M,the content of TC、TG and LDL in the group of HFW decreased significantly(P<0.05),and the content of HDL increased significantly(P<0.05);There was no significant difference in serum lipid enzyme among rats in each group(P>0.05),indicating that the experimental dose of HFW had no obvious damage to the liver.3.Cognition:(1)In MWM test,compared with group N,the escape latency in group M was significantly lengthened(P<0.05),the percentage of time and distance in target quadrant,the number crossing over the position of the platform were markedly decreased(P<0.05);Compared with group M,the escape latency was significantly shortened in group FM,FH and group Y;the percentage of time and distance in target quadrant,the number crossing over the position of the platform were markedly increased in group FM,FH and Y than group M(P<0.05).(2)The number of brain cells in group M was decreased,disorganized of cell arrangement and vacuoles changed.The morphology and arrangement of cells were significantly improved in HFW group and group Y.(3)Compared with group N,the protein expression of GABAR1 were increased significantly(P<0.05),and NMDAR2 B were decreased significantly(P<0.05)in group M.The protein expression of GABAR1 in group FH were decreased significantly(P<0.05)than group M.The protein expression of NMDAR2 B in HFW group and group Y had no marked differences with group M(P>0.05).4.Antioxidant activity: The SOD activity was decreased markedly and MDA content was increased in group M than group N(P<0.05).The SOD activity of mice in group FM,FH increased significantly(P<0.05),the content of MDA decreased significantly than group M(P<0.05).Conclusion: The aging model was successful.(1)The middle and high dose of extraction from fermented PM has a significant improvement in the body weight loss,dyslipidemia,and increase antioxidant activity in aged mice.(2)HFW can increase the antioxidant activity and decrease the expression of GABAR1 to delay cognitive decline.Part 2: Effects on the growth performance,learning and memory skills of mice by the extraction from fermented peanut mealObjective: We investigated the effects on the growth performance,learning and memory skills of mice by the extraction from fermented peanut meal.Method: A total of 50 weanling male KM mice were randomly divided into 5 groups as follows: normal group(A),low dose of fermentation group(B),middle dose of fermentation group(C),high dose of fermentation group(D),unfermented group(E).Mice were intragastrically administrated with saline,low dose of fermentation,middle dose of fermentation,high dose of fermentation,unfermented extraction respectively for 4 weeks.The body weights of mice were recorded weekly;Learning and memory skills were performed by the Morris Water Maze(MWM)test after 4 weeks.Result: The results suggested that mice in group D have a significant improvement in growth performance(P<0.05).In MWM test,escape latency was shortened in group D(P<0.05),the percentage of time and distance in target quadrant,the number crossing over the position of the platform were significantly increased group D when compared with group A or E(P<0.05).Conclusion: The extraction from fermented peanut meal has a significant improvement in growth performance;the middle and high dose of extraction enhance the learning and memory skills.