| The meniscus is a "half-moon" fibrocartilage tissue in the knee joint space.It has the functions of bearing weight,transmitting load,stabilizing the knee joint,nourishing and lubricating articular cartilage.Meniscus injury is a common clinical disease that can cause severe pain,joint swelling,and interlocking of the knee joint.Due to the lack of vascular distribution within the 2/3 region of the meniscus,it is difficult to heal through itself for meniscus injury.Clinically,this type of injury is treated through partial or total meniscal resection.However,meniscal resection may further lead to the early occurrence of osteoarthritis.Therefore,the current treatment is to repair and preserve the full meniscus as much as possible.And The emergence of tissue engineering technology provides a new treatment for meniscal injury.The tissue-engineered meniscus was constructed by seeded cells on scaffold and cultured in a bioreactor for a period of time,and then transplanted into the body of animals to replace the injured meniscus.The three elements of tissue engineering include cells,scaffolds,and bioreactors,of which scaffold is a crucial part in tissue engineering.The scaffolds provide an ideal site for cell adhesion,proliferation,and differentiation.The ideal meniscal scaffold should have good biocompatibility,suitable mechanical properties,porosity,pore size and inner surface area.In this study,firstly,polycaprolactone material was selected to fabricate 3D meniscal scaffolds with three different porosity using 3D printing technology,and then the scaffold with the best mechanical properties were confirmed through compression modulus testing,and its physical and chemical characteristics were tested.Secondly,by initial cell adhesion counting,CCK-8proliferation testing,Scanning electron microscope observation,type I rat tail collagen coated on the surface of PCL scaffold can improve cell affinity of PCL scaffolds.Finally,by gross observation,knee function scoring,necropsy observation,histological observation,and Mankin’s scoring after implantation of scaffolds for 12 weeks,it is found that the inner pores of PCL scaffolds have fibrocartilage-like tissue formation,which shows that PCL scaffoldshave good biocompatibility in vivo and PCL scaffolds have a protective effect on articular cartilage.The results are as follows:1 Polycaprolactone scaffolds with a porosity of 61.96%±0.66% and a compression modulus of 4.56±0.28 MPa were successfully fabricated using 3D printing technology and the scaffold has low degradability and poor hydrophilicity.2 Canine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(CBMSCs)were seeded on type I rat tail collagen-coated polycaprolactone scaffold and polycaprolactone(PCL)scaffold,by counting the number of initial cell adhesions,CCK-8 proliferation experiments and scanning electron microscopy observations,it was found that after coating type I rat tail collagen on the surface of polycaprolactone scaffolds,the cell affinity was significantly improved.3 the scaffold was transplanted into the body of animals after 12 weeks,by gross observation,knee function scores,necropsy observations,histological observations and Mankin’s scores,it was found that the inner pores of the polycaprolactone scaffold have fibrocartilage-like tissue formation,the scaffold have good biocompatibility in vivo and a protective effect on articular cartilage.Conclusion:1 The PCL scaffold using 3D printing technology is a good material for tissue engineering meniscus.2 The cell affinity of PCL scaffolds can be improved significantly by coating type I rat tail collagen on the surface of scaffolds.3 The transplantation experiment confirmed that the PCL scaffolds have good biocompatibility in vivo and can significantly reduce the wear between articular cartilage.And it is a promising polymer material scaffold for clinical. |
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