| Paris polyhoylla Smith var.chinensis(Franch.)Hara(Referred to as PPC),a plant of the genus Paris,together with P polyhoylla Smith var.yunnanensis(Franch.)Hand.-Mazz(Referred to as PPY),is used as the origin plant of rhizomae paridis described in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2015 edition).Rhizomae paridis has been traditionally used as anti-tumor,hemostatic,antimicrobial,and analgesic agents and is also an important ingredient of some Chinese patent medicines,such as “Yunnan Baiyao”,“Gongxuening capsules” and “Antiviral particles”.Paris genus is a perennial plant.Because of its long growth cycle,it usually takes 7 to 8 years for medicinal rhizomes to reach the requirement.A large amount of agricultural waste is discarded when the aerial parts are withered every year,causing waste of resources.Therefore,it is of great significance for the comprehensive utilization and development of resources to understand the chemical compositions of the aerial parts and to evaluate their scientific value.Most of the previous studies focused on the chemical composition and activity evaluation of the aerial parts of PPY,and there were few studies on the aerial parts of PPC.In order to clarify the chemical composition of the aerial parts of the PPC,the rhizomes and aerial parts were extracted with 75% aqueous ethanol.The extracts were fractionated by the chromatography on HPD100 macroporous resin.The chemical composition of each eluted fraction was identified by UPLC-QTOF/MS,and the chemical differences between aerial parts and rhizomes were compared.Based on this,silica gel column chromatography,Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography,semi-preparative HPLC and other methods were used for the guided isolation and as a result,12 compounds were obtained and identified from the 30% ethanol fraction of aerial parts.Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral data.The structures of the compounds were corchionoside C(1),β-ecdysterone(2),coronatasterone(3),kaempferol-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside(4),astragalin(5),isorhamnetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(6),kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(l→2)-β-D-galactopyranoside(7),isorhamnetin-3-O-β-D-glu copyranosyl-(l→2)-β-D-galactopyranoside(8),kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(l→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside(9),isorhamnetin-3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(l→6)-β-D-glucopyranosi de(10),isorhamnetin-3-O-β-D-gentiobioside(11),6-(9-Hydroxybutyl)-1,1,5-trimethyl-2-hydr oxy-4-cyclohexen-3-one 9-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(l→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside(12).Among them,compound 12 is a new compound.Compounds 1 and 3-11 are isolated from this plant for the first time and compounds 1,3-5 and 8-10 are isolated from Paris plants for the first time.Harvesting and primary processing are important cores in the formation of Chinese herbal medicines.The determination of the best harvesting period and the standard processing methods for producing areas is an important part of the establishment of a standardized system for the entire industry chain of Chinese herbal medicines,decoction pieces and Chinese patent medicines.In order to clarify the optimal harvest time and harvest season of rhizomes of PPC,HPLC method was used to determine the contents of main components(Polyphyllin Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅵ,and Ⅶ)in different transplanting time samples,the results showed that the content of main components of PPC is diverse at different harvest time and different transplanting years,the content of samples collected from April to June is relatively high.In order to clarify the influence of the primary processing method on the contents of the main components of rhizomes of PPC,the content of principal components in different parts of rhizomes was measured and determined,the effect of different drying methods on principal components were compared by HPLC.UPLC-QTOF/MS was used for the structural identification of the change components.The results showed that the principal component content of rhizome tail was higher than that of bud head;the main component content of dried samples at 50°C was higher than that of air dried samples;during the air drying process,Spirosaponin(Polyphyllin Ⅶ,Pennogenin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→3)-[ α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)]-β-D-glucopyranoside,Polyphyllin H)were transformed into furostanol saponin.It may be due to the presence of the 26-glucosidase present in plants.Therefore,it is suggested that the best method for harvesting the rhizomes of PPC and the initial processing method is removing the fibrous roots after harvestingng,washing and drying.Drying can effectively inhibit the enzyme activity in plants,prevent the open loop of the F ring and block 26 hydroxyl glycosides. |
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