Correlation Between Olfactory Disorders And Alzheimer’s Disease And Its Clinical Features

Objective: To investigate the relationship between olfactory disorders and Alzheimer’s disease AD(AD)and to study the clinical features of Alzheimer’s disease(AD)with olfactory disturbance(OD).Method: Using a case-control study,the olfactory threshold,olfactory discrimination and identification ability of 50 Xinjiang AD patients and 50 healthy controls were tested by Sniffin’ sticks olfactory rod test.Complete neuropsychology(MoCA,MMSE,HIS Ischemic Scale,Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD),Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA),CDR,etc.),to explore the relationship between AD patients and olfactory disorders.Result:(1)After TDI age correction,AD-OD was performed in 33 patients(66.0%)and AD-NOD in 17 patients(34.0%).Of the 50 patients in the control group,2(4.0%)had OD and 48(96%)had NOD.The frequency of olfactory disturbance in the AD group was significantly higher than that in the control group(66.0% vs 4.0%,χ2 = 42.242,P =0.000).(2)The TDI,THR,DIS and ID scores of the AD group were significantly lower than those of the control group(P<0.05).The differences of TDI,THR,DIS and ID scores were statistically significant(P <0.05).After stratification between groups,the CDR0 scores of TDI,THR,DIS and ID scores were significantly different from those of CDR1 and CDR2(P <0.05);CDR1 scores compared with CDR2,TDI,THR,DIS and ID scores were not statistically significant(P>0.05).(3)Compared with the AD-NOD group,the AD-OD group’s simple mental state examination(MMSE)and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale(MoCA)scores were significantly lower.The olfactory TDI,THR,DIS,and ID scores of the AD group were compared with age,Gender,education,body mass index,HAMD score,and HAMA score were not correlated(P >0.05);positively correlated with MoCA score and MMSE score(P<0.05),and negatively correlated with CDR(P<0.05).In normal elderly,olfactory TDI,THR,DIS and ID scores were negatively correlated with age(P<0.05),and no olfactoryTDI,THR,DIS and ID scores were associated with gender,MoCA score and MMSE score(P>0.05).(4)Analysis of the ROC curve showed that the olfactory threshold was 6.5(AUC=0.864,sensitivity=84.0%,specificity=24.0%),olfactory discrimination 8.5(AUC=0.923,sensitivity = 82.0%,specificity = 10.0%),olfactory identification of 6.5points(AUC=0.748,sensitivity=88.0%,specificity=56.0%),olfactory TDI 22.5(AUC=0.922,sensitivity=88.0%,specificity=22.0%)as the boundary between the AD group and the control group When the value is,the Yoden index is the largest.Conclusion:The olfactory disorder has a certain correlation with AD patients.The incidence of dysosmia in AD patients is higher.The olfactory disturbance in AD patients is mainly characterized by olfactory threshold,olfactory discrimination and olfactory discrimination.With the decline of cognitive function,the olfactory function is decreased;Sniffin’Sticks is a more sensitive method for detecting olfactory testing in AD patients.