Investigation And Countermeasure Research On Chronic Diseases Knowledge And Health Related Behaviors Among Residents In Jiaozhou

Research background:Chronic diseases have the characteristics of long duration,concealed onset,complex etiology,not self-healing after the onset of disease and also difficult to cure.And chronic diseases seriously affect the quality of life of residents because of high rate of incidence,morbidity,disability,mortality and high medical costs.It become a major public health problem in the development of social and economic in China,so it can not be ignored.Among them,cardiovascular,cerebrovascular diseases,malignant tumors,diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases are the main representatives.The rising prevalence of various chronic diseases is associated with a variety of risk factors.Behavioral factors are the most active and controllable,which can be minimized and avoided through social and personal efforts.Chronic disease prevention can take different measures to prevent the occurrence,development or deterioration,based on the natural history of the disease at different stages.We can prevent diseases and reduce the incidence of chronic diseases through carrying out health education for the population,letting them acquire knowledge,promoting the change of behavior,establishing good living habits.Objective:To understand the distribution of population and the basic situation of chronic non-communicable diseases in Jiaozhou city,and the epidemic situation of smoking.drinking,diet,sports and other risk factors of chronic diseases and the knowledge of important chronic diseases.Finding the existing problems in the community.clarifying the health priority to solve the problem to provide the basis for controlling chronic disease,and to provide important reference datas and theoretical basis for planning regional health and allocating health resources in Jiaozhou City.Materials and Method:According to the method of multi-stage cluster sampling,we studied registered and non-registered residents aged 18 years and above who lived in Jiaozhou for 6 months or more in the past year.144 village(residential)committees were selected from the whole city,and thirteen families were selected from each village(residential)by simple random sampling.A total of 3600 residents aged 18 and above were selected from each selected residents’ household.Data were collected through questionnaires,physical surveys and laboratory tests.All the data were checked by investigators and quality control personnel,all the quantitative data were established a database using EpiDate software.After collate,input and logical error detection,the data was analyzed statistically by SPSS 20.0 software.Enumeration data are expressed in terms of rate and constituent ratio.Chi square test is used to test the rate.Result:1 A total of 3481 people were surveyed,including the youngest 18 years old,the oldest 91 years old;1491 men,accounting for 42.8%of the total survey;1990 women,accounting for 57.2%.2 Among the 9 surveys of chronic disease,the awareness rate was 89.28%about"what are the effective measures to prevent chronic diseases",82.94%about"the criteria for high-risk groups of chronic diseases";78.51%about the "diagnostic criteria for hypertension";61.56%about "the main treatment measures for hypertension";63.26%about "What are the basis for diabetes?";80.26%about"which is not preventive measure of diatetes";52.60%about "How many types of diabetes are there?";81.70%about "Which measure can not prevent coronary heart disease";76.01%about "common manifestations of colorectal cancer";The awareness rate of the 50-year-old group is relatively high,but the unemployed and domestic workers is relatively low,and the highly educated is relatively high.3 Among the respondents,there are 853 smokers,the smoking rate was 24.50%;the smoking rate was the highest among the elderly males;among the 853 smokers,the earliest age of smoking was 13 years old,and nearly 80%of the smokers started smoking before the age of 30.There are 717 drinkers,with a drinking rate of 20.60%;the drinking rate was the highest among the middle-aged and elderly men,and 294 of the residents drank alcohol every day,accounting for 41.01%of the total number of drinkers.There are 97.76%of the people eating more than three times a day;the consumption rate of dairy products was low,only 13.73%of the people consumed dairy products daily;27.64%of the people consumed pickles daily;There are more people taking moderate salt,accounting for 56.13%of the total survey.People taking light and heavy salt accounted for 27.41%and 5.29%.There are 709 people taking physical exercise initiatively,the rate of physical exercise is 20.37%,There are 1102 people whose daily static behavior is more than or equal to 4 hours,static rate is 31.66%;there are 766 people who sleep less than 7 hours a day,sleep deficiency rate is 22.01%.Body mass index(BMI)was calculated according to height and body weight:30(0.86%)were underweight,1313(37.72%)were normal weight,1548(44.47%)were overweight and 590(16.95%)were obese.More than half of the people have abnormal weight.4 There are 1340 people of chronic diseases,accounting for 38,5%.The prevalence rates of the six chronic diseases were 26.23%(hypertension),17.95%(diabetes),2.07%(coronary heart disease),0.63%(stroke),0.49%(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)and 0.29%(mali,gnant tumor).Conclusion:1 There is still much space for improvement in the awareness rate of chronic diseases among residents in Jiaozhou,especially among the young and unemployed.2 Smoking,drinking,inadequate physical exercise and other behavioral risk factors are prevalent among the residents,and the proportion of overweight and obese people is higher.3 the prevalence rate of hypertension and diabetes in Jiaozhou is higher than the average of the whole country,and the situation of preventing and controlling is severe.Suggestion:1 Carry out national health education and health promotion.2 Correct unhealthy lifestyles.3 We will strengthen self-management of residents’ weights and mobilize the masses to exercise more.4 Measure blood pressure in the first attending for people over 35 years old.5 Pay attention to high-risk population intervention work.6 Establish independent health detection points which is convenient for people.