Analysis Of The Correlation Between Urinary Iodine And The Prevalence Of Thyroid Nodules In Adults In A District Of Hefei

ObjectiveTo understand the prevalence of adult thyroid nodules and their iodine nutritional status in Baohe District of Hefei.To analyze the influencing factors of the detection rate of thyroid nodules and the level of urinary iodine.And to explore the correlation between urinary iodine and the prevalence of thyroid nodules.MethodsIn a cross-sectional study,questionnaire survey,physical examination,thyroid ultrasonography were performed on 2431 residents aged 18 and over in Baohe District,Hefei City from September to December 2016,and fasting midstream urine were collected for urinary iodine concentration detection.The detection rate of thyroid nodules and the median urinary iodine(MUI)of residents were calculated.The residents were grouped according to region,gender,age,cultural level,economic level,salt habits,body mass index and smoking status.The detection rate of thyroid nodules and the median urinary iodine in each group were calculated,and the effects of various factors on thyroid nodules and urinary iodine were analyzed.According to urinary iodine concentration,the investigated population was divided into iodine deficiency group,iodine proper group,iodine sufficient group and iodine excess group.The detection rate of thyroid nodules and the number and size distribution of nodules in each group were calculated.The relationship between urinary iodine and thyroid nodules was discussed.The thyroid nodules were used as the dependent variable to conduct multivariate logistic analysis on 2431 residents who received epidemiological investigation to explore independent risk factors for thyroid nodules.Results1 In this survey,there were 2,431 residents in Baohe District,the detection rate of thyroid nodules was 9.87%,and the median urinary iodine was 207.350 ug/L.2 The detection rate of thyroid nodules in rural residents was 8.53%,while that in urban residents was 11.19%.The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The median urinary iodine levels of rural and urban residents were 203.850 ug/L and212.180 ug/L,respectively.The difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).3 The detection rates of thyroid nodules in males and females were 7.45%and12.49%,respectively.The detection rate of thyroid nodules in females was significantly higher than that of males,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The median urinary iodine of males and females were 224.935 ug/L,187.150 ug/L,respectively.Female urinary iodine was lower than male,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).4 With the increase of age,the detection rate of thyroid nodules in residents showed an upward trend(trendχ~2=65.115,P<0.001),and urinary iodine concentration showed a downward trend(P<0.05).5 The lower the cultural level,the higher the detection rate of thyroid nodules in residents(trendχ~2=35.263,P<0.001),and the lower the urinary iodine concentration(P<0.05).6 The lower the economic level,the higher the detection rate of thyroid nodules in residents(trendχ~2=25.639,P<0.001),and the lower the urinary iodine concentration(P<0.05).7 The rate of thyroid nodules in male smokers was 9.43%,and that in nonsmokers was 5.65%.The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The urinary iodine level of non-smokers was lower than that of regular smokers.The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).8 Excluding other factors,there was no significant difference in the detection rates of thyroid nodules in different iodine nutritional levels(P>0.05).And there was no significant difference in the number and size of thyroid nodules.9 Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that urban residents,women,aging,mild salt habits,and frequent smoking were independent risk factors for thyroid nodules.Conclusion(1)The iodine nutritional status of residents in Baohe District is basically at appropriate and sufficient levels,and the detection rate of thyroid nodules is low.(2)People with low economic and cultural levels,the elderly and female populations are prone to thyroid nodules and iodine deficiency,so it is necessary to scientifically supplement iodine for different populations.(3)In the case of the general iodine nutrition of the residents is appropriate and sufficient,there was no significant correlation between urinary iodine levels and thyroid nodules,and no effect on the number and size of nodules.(4)Urban residents,women,middle-aged and elderly,people with mild salt habits,and regular smokers have a higher risk of developing thyroid nodules,which can enhance screening and follow-up of thyroid nodules in such populations.