Studies On Child Neglect And Its Influencing Factors For The Pre-school Children In Rural Areas Of Anhui Province

Objective: In order to understand child neglect among preschool children in rural China and explore its influence factors,this study investigated child neglect among children aged 6 months to 6 years old in rural areas of Anhui province.Methods: We chose four counties of Anhui province as the investigation sites which were Funan,Feixi,Changfeng and Qianshan country.Neglect was measured by Child Neglect Evaluation Scales(6~35 months and 3~6 years old).This study investigated caregivers of children to explore the influence of the individual factors,materal factors during pregnancy,family factors,and the psychological states of caregivers.All analyses were conducted by SPSS 23.0 with a statistical significance level(p < 0.05).Results: 1.This study investigated a total of 2543 preschool children aged from 6months to 6 years old.Boys accounted for 51.60% and girls accounted for 48.40%.The average age was 37.92±21.36 months.The children aged during 6~35 months accounted for 45.93%.The children aged 3~6 years old accounted for 54.07%.There were 981left-behind children(LBC)and 1562 non-left behind children(non-LBC),accounting for 38.6% and 61.4%,respectively.2.The neglect rate and neglect degree of preschool children were 59.1% and46.26±7.14.The neglect rate and neglect degree of children aged 6~35 months were62.4% and 46.85±6.89,54.7% and 45.76±7.30 for children aged 3~6 years old.The neglect rate and neglect degree were 63.5% and 47.65±6.69 for LBC,56.3% and45.39±7.27 for non-LBC,respectively.55.8% children detected two or more type of neglect and 44.2% children detected only one type of neglect. 3.The result of univariate analysis showed that the risk factors of child neglect were as following:(1)Individual factors: Boys may increase the risk of security neglect.Lower age(6~35months)might be the risk factors of emotional neglect,educational neglect,medical neglect and overall neglect;LBC might be the risk factor of emotional neglect;Junior among brothers and sisters may be the risk factor of physical neglect,educational neglect,security neglect,medical neglect and overall neglect.(2)Psychology and types of caregivers: Children who are not raised by their parents might be the risk factors of overall neglect and other dimensions apart from security neglect;Anxiety might be the risk factors of overall neglect and other dimensions apart from medical neglect.Poor subjective economic situation might be the risk factors of medical neglect,educational neglect and overall neglect.(3)Parents factors: Working mother might be the risk factor of social neglect;Lower education degree of father might be the risk factors of physical neglect,emotional neglect and overall neglect;Lower education degree of mother might be the risk factors of overall neglect and other five dimensions neglect apart from security neglect;Inconsistent parenting attitudes might be the risk factors of emotional neglect,security neglect,medical neglect,social neglect and overall neglect.(4)Basic Situation of Mothers during Pregnancy: Passive smoking during pregnancy might be the risk factors of physical neglect,emotional neglect,security neglect and overall neglect;Pregnancy complications might be the protective factor of emotional neglect;Folic acid during pregnancy may be the protective factor of medical neglected.(5)Family factors:Compared with core family,single-parent family may be the risk factor of emotional neglect;multi-generation cohabitant family may be the risk factor of educational neglect,medical neglect and overall neglect;Low household monthly income may be the risk factor of educational neglect.But it may be a protective factor of security neglect;family dysfunction may be a risk factor of six dimensions and overall neglect;Compared with persuation and education,a nature way of education may be a risk factor of physical neglect,security,educational neglect and overall neglect,while way of education by beating and scolding may be a risk factor of six dimensions and overall neglect.Conclusions: Preschool children in the rural area of Anhui Province have higher detection rate of neglect and higher degree of neglect.Child neglect among the preschool children is influenced by individual factors,family factors,parents factors,pregnancy condition of mother,type and psychology of caregivers.Measures should be taken according to the risk factors to reduce the risk of child neglect.