Study On The Screening Of Excellent Germplasm Of Amomum Villosum In Genuine Producing Area

Amomum villosum Lour.is a perennial evergreen herb classed in the family of Zingiberaceae and the genus of Amomum,its dry ripe fruit which named Chun Sharen is one of the four famous South China medicines.A.villosum has the functions of moistening appetizing,warming the spleen,antidiarrheal,regulating qi,calming fetus and so on,and is mostly used for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases.It is widely used in clinical practice and has been used widely as a traditional Chinese medicine for over 1300 years.At present,the fruit yield of A.villosum in genuine producing area is low,which is insufficient to meet the market demand and brings difficulties to the development of the industry of A.villosum.The main problem of the A.villosum is that the unit yield of the fruit is low and the quality of the fruit is uneven.All in all,the problem above of A.villosum belongs,in the final analysis,to the germplasm problem.If we can screen out some high-yield and high-quality plants as excellent germplasms,we can solve the current problem.In this study,we collected the excellent germplasm candidates of A.villosum in genuine producing area,and constructed a germplasm resource garden by investigated their characters.The excellent germplasm candidates collected were identified by morphological and molecular marker identifications.We also analysis the fruit yield and fruit quality from some of collected candidates.According to the study results of germplasm identification,yield and quality analysis,and combined with the data of each original planting environnment,We screened out five excellent germplasms of A.villosum.The results in detail are as follows:(1)We have collected 50 germplasms of A.villosum in the genuine producing area and constructed a germplasm resource garden through the investigation and research on the characters of the germplasms.At the same time,the leaves from 50 germplasms of A.villosum were collected for molecular identification and 28 germplasm fruits of which were also collected for yield and quality analysis.(2)The morphological traits of plant height,stem diameter,leaves,ligules,rhizomes,flowering phenology and fruit morphology of 50 germplasms were compared and analyzed by cluster analysis.50 germplasms were initially divided into four categories.(3)Four A.villosum germplasms named Changguo,Yuanguo,Jinqiu,Zhonghua and A.longiligulare were used as controls for molecular identification.50 germplasms were identified by ISSR and SSR molecular marker techniques.The genetic relationship of germplasms were analyzed,and combined with the results of ISSR and SSR analysis,50 excellent germplasm candidates were clustered into seven categories.(4)Among the 28 germplasms of A.villosum,fifteen germplasms(53.57%of the total samples)were with relatively high yield,which is greater than 40 kg per 666.67 m2.They are germplasms of XAB,XAC,XAF,XBA,XBC,XBG,XBH,XBI,XBK,XAM,XAP,XBO,XBR,XBW,and XBX.And thirteen germplasms were with relatively high contents of essential oil and borneol acetate,over 3.50%and 2.20%respectively.They are germplasms of XBC,XBD,XBE,XBF,XBG,XBH,XAL,XAN,XAP,XBM,XAU,XBR and XBV.(5)Five excellent germplasms of A.villosum were screen out by the germplasm evaluation among 50 germplasms,which combined with morphological identification,molecular identification,yield and quality analysis,and living environmental data of each germplasm.Five excellent germplasms are XBC,XBG,XBH,XAP and XBR,each is with a yield of more than 40 kg per 666.67 m2,a volatile oil content of more than 3.50%and a content of borneol acetate greater than 2.20%.