Study On Amblyopia And Its Risk Factors Among Preschool Children In Zhangjiagang City,Jiangsu Province

[Objective]To master the prevalence of amblyopia among preschool children in Zhangjiagang and its relevant risk factors,and compare the differences of prevalence among amblyopia children of all ages,different sex,urban and township,local and foreign;To understand the knowledge and awareness of eye care and the ways to know of children and their parents.Findings from this study will provide scientific basis for relevant departments to formulate eye care policy,popularize eye care knowledge,and reduce the prevalence of amblyopia.[Methods]1.By cluster random sampling,preschool children from 12 kindergartens(6 in urban areas and 6 in townships)were selected as research objects.Collecting examination data of children’s vision,refractive,eye position,mydriatic optometry,etc.,to do analysis and comparative analysis on prevalence of amblyopia in different sex,age group,urban and township,local and foreign.2.For amblyopia children diagnosed,by means of questionnaire,to do 1:1 matched case control study.They were 1:1 matched according to the same class,the same sex,and the age difference of 0.5 years,to do miultivariate conditional logistic regression analysis on relevant risk factors of amblyopia.[Results]1.The prevalence of amblyopia among preschool children in Zhangjiagang is 1.6%,the subnormal vision detecting rate is 4.9%,and refractive screening subnormal detecting rate is 7.9%.2.The difference in prevalence of amblyopia among local and foreign children is statistically significant(χ2=16.616,P<0.01),and foreign children’s prevalence of amblyopia is significantly higher than that of local children.The prevalence of amblyopia has no statistical significance in different sex,urban and township and different ages.3.In the constituent ratio of amblyopia,ametropic amblyopia and anisometropic amblyopia are main types,accounting for 87.6%,followed by strabismic amblyopia,form deprivation amblyopia and other types of least.Slight and medium amblyopia account for the main part in the degree of amblyopia,which is 97.5%,and serious amblyopia accounts for 2.5%.Amblyopia children with hyperopic refractive state account for 71.9%,myopic is 2.5%,mixed is 25.6%.4.By Univariate analysis,it was shown that height,premature birth,birth weight,complications during pregnancy,and whether grandparents had refractive errors had a statistically significant effect on amblyopia.5.By Multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis,it was demonstrated that premature birth,grandparents with refractive errors are risk factors for amblyopia.6.The awareness rate of eye care knowledge of parents in this city is low,and the way to acquire knowledge comes from school and network.[Conclusions]1.Prevalence of amblyopia among preschool children in Zhangjiagang is at a low level in the country,and the bias of local policies had caused the difference in the prevalence of amblyopia among households in this city and foreign children.2.Premature birth and grandparents with refractive errors are risk factors for amblyopia.3.Children and parents have some incorrect or incomplete knowledge of eye care.In the future,eye care work can achieve the goal of reducing the prevalence of amblyopia through the popularization of eye health knowledge and the development of relevant interventions by schools,media and networks.