Study On The Quality Of Semen Ziziphi Spinosae And Mori Cortex

Section one: Study on the quality of Semen Ziziphi Spinosae Objective:Ziziphi Spinosae Semen is from the dried seeds of Rhamnaceae Zizyphus jujuba.It is a commonly used Chinese medicine with medicinal and edible homology and it all comes from wild resources.The purpose of this paper is to establish a UPLC-UV-ELSD method for rapid determination of spinosin and 6′′′-feruloyl spinosin,jujuboside A and jujuboside B in Ziziphi Spinosae Semen by a simplified sample treatment.Then,the factors affecting the quality of jujube kernel were systematically studied.Therefore,the selection of germplasms with high effective components will be beneficial to the establishment of wild tending bases and large-scale planting of wild jujube seed resources in the future,and the selection of good germplasms.Methods And Results:Through systematic comparison,it is proved that although jujube kernel is rich in oil and fat,direct ultrasonic extraction of 90 min can also fully extract flavonoids and saponins without first degreasing,and the heated reflux extraction prescribed by Pharmacopoeia leads to a decrease in the content of each component.The extraction solvent of this method is 70% ethyl alcohol and the ratio of material to material is 1:30.Through the study of jujube kernel samples from seven major producing areas of China in two years,it was found that there was no significant difference in the contents of each component among the different producing areas,among which,Linfen(including Daning and Ji County)in Shanxi Province was the one with higher spinotin content.Hebei Shexian,Hebei Qian’an,Gansu Qingyang,Shaanxi Mei County,Shaanxi Heyang,Liaoning Jianchang,Tianjin Jixian,jujube kernel saponins high content of the origin of Shandong,as well as Hebei Neiqiu and Shaanxi Weinan.Combined with the content of two kinds of components,Shandong is generally high and the change is small.Correlation analysis also showed that the content of two flavonoids had a good correlation,while the two saponins had a poor correlation.The contents of flavonoids and saponins in different maturity medicinal materials collected from late August to mid-October,as well as the contents of four components in seed coats and kernel,s were studied.The results showed that with the fruit ripening,flavonoids and saponins showed a tendency to increase gradually,and the contents of flavones and saponins increased gradually with the fruit ripening.And the range of changes is large,the early harvest of jujube kernel is large proportion is one of the reasons.The differences among different individuals were analyzed.The results showed that the content differences of different individuals were 1.1~2.5 times,and the extent of individual differences was also different in different places of origin.The difference of flavonoid was bigger than that of saponins.In the same class of components,the difference between 6’-feruloyl spinotin and spinotin was similar,while that of jujube kernel saponins B was higher than that of jujube kernel saponins A.Conclusion:The method established in this paper is non-degreasing and ultrasound extraction for 90 minutes.This method can obtain sufficient effectand is fast and easy to operate.It provides a reliable method for rapid determination of flavonoids and saponins in Ziziphi Spinosae Semen.Harvesting time has a great influence on the content of two kinds of components.The best harvesting time is after the end of September,so we should put an end to "green harvesting".There is no significant difference in quality among seven production areas in China.Shandong Province has a slightly higher content of each component.There are some dominant small populations with high content that deserve attention.There are differences among individuals,but the differences are small.It is necessary to select good individual plants through large samples.The results provide an important basis for the establishment of wild tending bases and the selection of good germplasms.Section two: study on the quality of Mori CortexObjective:Mori cortex is a dried root bark of Moraceae plant.It is a commonly used Chinese medicine.The crude outer layer of mulberry bark must be scraped off during processing.However,market surveys show that the source of medicinal materials is wild and cultivated,and the former is the main source.Wild medicinal materials have a mixed situation of mulberry species,and the processing of the origin is not standardized.The purpose of this paper is to conduct preliminary quality evaluation of Morus alba on the basis of investigation and collection of medicinal materials from different sources and processing methods.Methods And Results:27 medicinal materials from main producing areas were investigated and collected,including 18 wild medicinal materials and 9 cultivated medicinal materials.It was found that most medicinal materials were not scraped or inadequately scraped.The two parts of scraped cork and decorticated cork were designed for self-treatment.The content of total flavonoids in mulberry bark was determined by hydrochloric acid-magnesium powder reaction.A UPLC method for the determination of seven main components was established,including 5 flavonoids and mulberry root.sanggenons C,sanggenons D,kuwanon G,kuwanon H,and morusin,1 stilbene mulberry glycoside A and 1 phenolic acid chlorogenic acid.The results showed that the content of total flavonoids in wild resources was slightly higher than that in cultivated resources.The content ranged from 0.299% to 4.972% in semi-scraped and full-scraped samples,but there was no significant difference between wild and non-scraped samples.The main components in wild and cultivated samples are different.For example,the content of sanggenons C in wild samples is higher than that in cultivated samples,and the content of kuwanon H in cultivated samples is higher.The content of kuwanon G,morusin and kuwanon H is stable and higher,while the content of sanggenons C and sanggenons D varies greatly among different samples.Some samples have high content,while others have low content of mulberroside A and chlorogenic acid.Biological resources are less than cultivation resources.The total flavonoids and all flavonoids in one wild and three cultivated mulberry bark medicinal materials were the highest in cork,but they were almost lost after cork removal,while mulberroside A and chlorogenic acid were much higher in cork removal part than cork removal part.The distribution characteristics of different components in cork removal and cork removal part of mulberry bark also showed the same trend in other samples.Conclusion:Composition of mulberry bark varies greatly between cultivated resources and wild resources.Different species of mulberry bark may come from different species,but also from genetic and environmental differences of population origin.More noteworthy is that the cork is rich in flavonoids.If removed,the components are almost lost,while stilbene and phenolic acids are removed.Some of them are much higher than cork.Therefore,the future research on the quality of mulberry white peel deserves further study.